# List of terms that are numerical

abbreviation / acronyms	Term	Definition
oD / 0-day	zero day  zero Dimension	a software vulnerability that has been exploited by malicious hackers on or before the day the software creators become aware of the problem  zero Dimension
0KB.IN	Free Knowledge Base of Internet	Free Knowledge Base of Internet
1080i	1080 interlaced	A HDTV video mode. 1080i implies 16:9 aspect ratio, horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels, and a frame resolution of 1920 × 1080 or about 2.07 million pixels.
1080p	1080 progressive	1080p implies progressive scan or non-interlaced which increases vertical line resolution ~1.6x times, 16:9 aspect ratio, horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels, and a frame resolution of 1920 × 1080 or about 2.07 million pixels.
10Base5	10 Mbps, baseband, 500 meter	one of several physical media specified by 802.3 for use in an Ethernet local area network LAN); consists of Thickwire coaxial cable with a maximum segment length of 500 meters
10BaseT	10 Mbps, baseband, unshielded twisted-pair	one of several physical media specified by IEEE 802.3 for use in an Ethernet local area network (LAN); is ordinary telephone twisted pair wire
100BaseT	100 Mbps, baseband, unshielded twisted-pair	one of several physical media specified by IEEE 802.3 for use in an Ethernet local area network (LAN); referred to as Fast Ethernet because of its higher transmission speed
10GFC	10 Gigabit Fibre Channel	A point-to-point serial bi-directional interface operating up to 10.2Gbps. 10GFC is an extension of the physical layer of Fibre Channel.
100VG	100 Voice Grade	100 Voice Grade
1FB	Single line, Flat Business rate;	Single line, Flat Business rate
1G	First generation	First generation mobile network. Refers to the initial category of mobile wireless networks that use analog technology only. Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) is an example of a 1G mobile network standard.
1RU	1 Rack Unit	1 Rack Unit
2.5G	Second and a half generation	2.5G is a sometimes used term that refers to GPRS class wireless data connectivity. It is not a formal standard.
23B +D		An abbreviation for the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI), composed of 23 bearer (B) channels and one data (D) channel.
24×7 or 24/7	Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week	A term commonly used to describe the concept of Internet time and how it has affected services.
24p	24 frames per second Progressive	Refers to the frame rate of movie film. Some video cameras are able to capture images at 24 fps as well as the common 30 fps, or more precisely 29.97 fps. HDTV sets also support 24p
2B1Q	Two Binary, One Quaternary	A line code used for BRI and Centrex BRI where each two bits of the binary data stream are combined into a single four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal.
2G	second generation	second generation mobile network. Refers generically to a category of mobile wireless networks and services that implement digital technology. GSM is an example of a 2G mobile network standard.
2G+	second generation plus	Refers generically to a category of mobile wireless networks that support higher data rates than 2G mobile networks. GPRS is an example of a 2G+ mobile network standard.
2PC	two-phase commit	A method for coordinating a single transaction across two or more DBMS or other resource managers. 2PC guarantees the logical integrity of data by ensuring that transaction updates are either finalized in all participating databases or fully backed out of all of them (that is, the update occurs “everywhere or nowhere”).
2PKDP	Two-Party Key Distribution Protocol	A security protocol that combines bidirectional authentication with key distribution using a minimal number of messages.
3D	three-dimensional	3D computer graphics are graphic arts that were created with the aid of digital computers and specialized 3D software. In general, the term may also refer to the process of creating such graphics, or the field of study of 3D computer graphic techniques and its related technology.
3DES	Triple DES	Enhancement to DES encryption where the data is encrypted through three parses through the DES algorithm. It uses a 168bit key.
3ds	3D Studio	3ds Max is a 3D modeling, animation and rendering program from the Media and Entertainment division of Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA (www.discreet.com)
3G	third generation	The term used to refer to the next generation of wireless communications technology, the “first generation” having been analog cellular, and the “second generation” being today’s digital cellular networks.
3GIO	3rd Generation Input Output	Intel hardware spec
3GPP	3rd Generation Partnership Project	A collaboration agreement, established in 1998 among several telecommunications standards bodies, to produce a series of technical specifications and standards for third-generation (3G) wireless communications.  http://www.3gpp.org/
3GL	third-generation language	A high-level programming language – such as FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC or C – that compiles to machine language.
3i	Investors In Industry	Investors In Industry (venture capitalists)
3M	(formerly) Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company	a US multinational conglomerate corporation  http://www.3m.com/
3P	Predictive, Proactive, and Preventive Philosophy	A maintenance practice that focuses on determining and performing corrective measures during normal operations over reactive measures that may impact users.
3W	World Wide Web	A hypermedia-based system for browsing Internet sites. It is named the Web because it is made of many sites linked together; users can travel from one site to another by clicking on hyperlinks.
4B5B	4 Byte 5 Byte	a form of data communications line code. 4B5B maps groups of four bits onto groups of five (5) bits, with a minimum density of 1 bits in the output. When NRZI-encoded, the 1 bits provide necessary clock transitions for the receiver.
4C Entity	Four Company Entity	industry organization leading the development, adoption and promotion of interoperable technology solutions for the authorized sharing of premium content. The consortium consists of IBM, Intel, Matsushita and Toshiba and has a goal of creating a common platform for DRM technologies.
4G	4th Generation	he next complete evolution in wireless communications that will a comprehensive solution allowing voice, data, and streamed multimedia to be provided on an “Anytime, Anywhere” basis at higher data rates than previous generations.
4GL	fourth-generation language	A high-level language suitable for end-user or programmer data access and capable of reasonably complex data manipulation. A common example is Microsoft’s Visual Basic. 4GLs includes two categories of software development tools: application generators for production applications, and information generators for decision support applications.
4GT	4 Gigabyte memory Tuning	4 Gigabyte memory Tuning
5ESS	class five (5) electronic switching system	The 5ESS Switch is the digital central office circuit switching system sold by Lucent Technologies.
5GL	5th Generation Language	Artificial intelligence language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer
6DOF	Six Degrees of Freedom	A virtual reality term used to describe movement in three-dimensional space.
80/20	Eighty-twenty rule	The program-design version of the law of diminishing returns. The 80/20 rule says that roughly 80% of the problem can be solved with 20% of the effort that it would take to solve the whole problem.
8-n-1	8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit	Common parameters for modem transmission.
8B10B	8 Byte 10 Byte	a line code that maps 8-bit symbols to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC-balance (see DC coefficient) and bounded disparity, and yet provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery.
90-90	Ninety-Ninety Rule	The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 90% of the development time. The remaining 10% of the code accounts for the other 90% of the development time.
9ifs	Oracle9i Internet File System	A file sharing system from Oracle that is based on the Oracle DBMS. It is designed to consolidate all the file servers in the enterprise and allows files to be accessed from a Web browser or Network Neighborhood.
9P	Plan 9 Filesystem Protocol	a network protocol developed for the Plan 9 from Bell Labs distributed operating system as the means of connecting the components of a Plan 9 system.
	10/100	a network adapter capable of operating at 10 or 100 megabits per second
	10/100/1000	a network adapter capable of operating at 10, 100, and 1000 megabits per second
	1394	A high speed serial bus specification from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
	16-bit program	a program that runs on Intel microprocessors using only the features of the 8088 or 80286, with 16-bit internal registers. Most DOS applications and many earlier Windows applications are 16-bit programs.
	2-205 rule	A rule for the configuration of 100Base-T, or Fast Ethernet, networks. According to the rule, the maximum network distance, or network diameter, of two non-stackable network hubs connected by copper cabling cannot exceed 205 meters
	301 redirect	A notice which appears on your browser when you have clicked on a link to a page which has been permanently moved or deleted.
	32-bit program	a program that uses the 32-bit internal registers and large memory capacity of the Intel 386, 486, Pentium, or other compatible micro processor
	3-4-5 Rule or 5-4-3 Rule	A rule which was invoked in the days of the repeater, and is still appropriate in hubs or switched networks. The original repeaters were designed to extend the range of a network wire beyond the maximum length of the wire’s design distance. This was usually used to set up a network, cross al hall or between buildings, set up another network, etc.
	3Com	3 Com Corporation (The 3 Coms are Computer, Communications and Compatibility)
	3D Printing	3D printers deposit resin, plastic or another material, layer by layer, to build up a physical model. Inkjet 3D printers image successive layers of plastic powder, hardening each layer on contact, to build up the piece.
	403	FORBIDDEN HTTP error message indicating that the HTTP server is not permitted to read a file
	404	Originally a technical term for 404 Not Found page. The requested resource no longer exists or has been moved, or the address may be misspelled. more…
	4× ×, 8× ×, 16× × . . . 64×	describing a CD or DVD drive, able to transfer data at 4, 8, 16 (etc.) times the speed of normal audio or video.
	5.1	a format of SURROUND SOUND with five speakers that transmit the full audio spectrum and one that transmits only bass.
	501 error	An error message displayed by your browser when the server the website is hosted on is unable to provide the webpage you are looking for.
	56k	The fastest modem speed supported by a dial up modem.
	6.1	a format of SURROUND SOUND with six full-range speakers in the left front, center front, right front, left, right, and rear center positions, plus a SUBWOOFER for additional bass.
	6BONE	The Internet’s experimental IPv6 network.
	7.1	a format of SURROUND SOUND with seven full-range speakers in the left front, center front, right front, left, right, left rear, and right rear positions, plus a SUBWOOFER for additional bass.
	80×86	A family of Intel microprocessors once used in IBM-compatible PCs and workstations. It includes the 80286, 80386 and 80486. The first Pentium processors are members of the same family, but the numerical designations have been dropped.
	802.x	A set of IEEE standards for the definition of LAN protocols.
	80 PLUS	performance specification requires multi-output power supplies in computers and servers to be 80% or greater energy efficient at 20%, 50% and 100% of rated load with a true power factor of 0.9 or greater.  http://www.80plus.org/

A – List of terms starting with the letter “A”

A	Ampere  Anchor	Current measurement unit  HTML tag, a link to another location
A/N/K	alphabetic, numeric, katakana	Pertaining to alphabetic, numeric, or katakana characters.
a11y	accessibility	There are eleven letters between the “a” and the “y”.
A2A	application-to-application	An approach to enterprise application integration that provides visibility into internal systems, so that these systems can share information or business processes.
AA	anti-aliasing	the technique of minimizing the distortion artifacts known as aliasing when representing a high-resolution signal at a lower resolution
AA	automated attendant	A device, typically attached to a private branch exchange or voice mail system, that answers incoming calls.
AAA	authentication, authorization, and accounting	Also pronounced “triple a.” Refers to a framework for intelligently controlling access to computer resources, enforcing policies, auditing usage, and providing the information necessary to bill for services.  Authentication is the process of identifying an individual, usually based on a username and password.  Authorization is the process of granting or denying a user access to network resources once the user has been authenticated through the username and password.  Accounting is the process of keeping track of a user’s activity while accessing the network resources
AAB	All-to-all broadcast	the process where every node broadcasts its information to all other nodes.
AAC	Advanced Audio Coding  ATM access concentrator	an audio compression format newer and more efficient than MP3, used internally by iTunes and Nintendo Wii  A device used to concentrate a variety of services (such as frame relay, Internet Protocol and video) over a single ATM network access connection.
AAL	ATM adaptation layer	The ATM layer where non-ATM data is converted to ATM format. The AAL serves as the “glue” that connects traditional packet and frame structures with short, fixed-length ATM cells.
AARP	AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol	Provides for the dynamic assignment of node identifiers to nodes within an AppleTalk network.
AAS	Auto Area Segmentation	Scanner technology which detects and optimizes text and graphics on the same page by Epson.
AAT	Average Access Time	The average amount of time it takes for a storage peripheral to transfer data to the CPU.
AAUI	Apple Attachment Unit Interface	A 14-position, 0.050-inch-spaced ribbon contact connector.
ABAP	Advanced Business Application Programming	Powerful programming language created specifically for developing SAP applications. The core development tool in SAP’s R/3 system.
ABC	activity-based costing  Atanasoff-Berry Computer	An approach to understanding where and why costs are incurred within an enterprise.  First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes
ABEND	abnormal end  Absent By Enforced Net Deprivation	A type of system error in which a task or program fails to execute properly (i.e., “abnormally ends”). The term is also used as the name for a type of error message that indicates such a failure has occurred.  Sent in e-mail subject lines warning friends and others of forced loss of Internet access
ABI	application binary interface	A set of specifications that enables an application written for one target OS and hardware platform to run on a different OS and platform, where the two hardware platforms share the same processor type.
ABLE	Agent Building and Learning Environment	A Java framework and toolkit for constructing and deploying intelligent agents.
ABM	activity-based management	The use of ABC principles in the ongoing management of costs and resources.
ABME	asynchronous balanced mode extended	In communications, an operational mode in which modulus 128 sequence numbers are used.
ABR	Automatic Baud Rate detection	The process in which a receiving device examines the first character of an incoming message to determines its speed, code level, and stop bits.
ABR	available bit rate	An ATM service category. ABR service is conceptually similar to that of a frame relay network – a minimal cell rate is guaranteed, and bursts can be supported if the network resources allow it.
ACA	Australian Communications Authority	The Australian government body that regulates the nation’s communications industries.
ACAP	Application Configuration Access Protocol	a standard for accessing program configuration information from a remote server, allowing a user to use and change their configuration from any workstation by reading or writing the values on a central server. Defined in RFC 2244.
ACC	Adaptive Cruise Control Authorization Contract for Containers	Adaptive Cruise Control Specification (JSR-115) that defines new java.security.Permission classes to satisfy the J2EE authorization model
ACCU	Association of C and C++ Users	A worldwide association of people who are interested in C, C++, and related programming languages.
ACD	Automatic Call Delivery  automatic call distributor or distribution	feature that allows cellular & wireless phones to receive incoming calls when roaming.  specialized phone system that handles many incoming calls. ACDs are used for a variety of order-taking functions, such as calls to help desks or dispatching of service technicians.
ACDI	Asynchronous Communications Device Interface	A software device that permits asynchronous transmission, a way of transmitting data in which one character is sent at a time, and there may be uneven amounts of time between characters.
ACE	access control entry  Adobe Certified Expert  Advanced CMOS-ECL  Agile Communication Environment	a set of identities and permissions that are directly associated with a particular resource. Each access control entry is directly associated with only one resource. More than one ACE can be associated with each resource.  a professional who has demonstrated proficiency with one or more Adobe software products.  A high-end processor technology introduced by Hitachi in the 1990s.  Nortel SIP-based platform acquired by Avaya
ACEE	access control environment element	In RACF, a control block containing details of the current user, including user ID, current connect group, user attributes, and group authorities.
ACF	Advanced Communications Function	A family of IBM communications programs that handle tasks such as resource sharing and distribution of functions. They include ACF/Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (ACF/VTAM) and ACF/Network Control Program (ACF/NCP).
ACF2	Access Control Facility 2	A host-based security subsystem from CA (formerly Computer Associates); also known as CA-ACF2.
ACG	adaptive code generation	A technology that enables a program that uses processor features of a given system model to continue to work correctly when the program is moved to another system model that does not have all the processor features of the original model.
ACH	automated clearinghouse	A type of funds transfer network that processes debit and credit transactions between accounts from participating financial institutions.
ACI	access control information	Data that identifies the access rights of a group or principal.
ACID	atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability	Four well-established tests for verifying the integrity of business transactions in a data-processing environment.
ACK	acknowledgement	When a modem receives a data packet, it sends a signal back to the sending modem. If all the data is present and correct, it sends an ACK signal, which acts as a request for the next data packet.
ACL	Access control list  application connectivity link  Asianet Communications Limited  Asynchronous Connectionless Link	A list of authorised users, processes or systems.  A service that transmits out-of-band information between DirectTalk and the Siemens Hicom 300 switch.  an Indian media conglomerate jointly owned by STAR TV and Jupiter Entertainment.  type of data packet (data only).
ACM	Association for Computing Machinery Address Complete Message	a worldwide association of computer professionals headquartered in the United States. www.acm.org Address Complete Message
ACMS	Application Control and Management System	A transaction-processing monitor from Compaq (now part of Hewlett-Packard); originally a product of Digital Equipment, which Compaq acquired in 1998.
ACP	array control processor	A type of processor used in storage systems.
ACPI	Advanced Configuration and Power Interface	A standard developed by Intel, Microsoft and Toshiba to improve PC power management and plug-and-play capabilities.
ACR	Allowed Cell Rate  attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio	An ABR service parameter, ACR is the current rate in cells/sec at which a source is allowed to send.  A measure of signal quality in network cabling.
ACRI	additional coding-related required information	A specification that is required by an encoding scheme to complete its definition, which extends beyond the character set and code page elements.
ACROSS	Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System	Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System
ACS	Affiliated Computer Services, Inc	Xerox Corp.’s $6.4 billion acquisition of Affiliated Computer Services Inc.
ACSE	Association Control Service Element	The method used in International Organization for Standardization’s OSI for establishing a call between two applications.
ACSLS	Automated Cartridge System Library Software	A Unix-based tape-library-sharing system from Storage Technology.
ACT	access control template	a reusable named authorization pattern that you can apply to multiple resources. An access control template consists of a list of users and groups and indicates, for each user or group, whether permissions are granted or denied.
ACU	abstract code unit	A measurement used by the z/OS XL C/C++ compiler for judging the size of a function. The number of ACUs that comprise a function is proportional to its size and complexity.
AD	Active Directory  Administrative Domain	The directory service portion of the Windows 2000 operating system. AD manages the identities and relationships of the distributed resources that make up a network environment.  Defined in RFC 1136. On the Internet, a group of networks, hosts, and routers operated by the same organization.
ADAPT	Architecture, Design, Analysis and Planning Tool	Architecture, Design, Analysis and Planning Tool
ADB	Apple Desktop Bus	Port on the Macintosh for a keyboard, a mouse, and other peripherals.
ADC	Advanced Direct Connect  Analog to Digital Converter  automated data collection	a peer-to-peer file-sharing protocol, based on the topology of the Direct Connect (DC) protocol.  Often referred to A/D, the analog to digital converter is an electronic device that transforms the analog signal to digital signal, helping interconnecting the two kinds of technology/gear.  The automated conversion of disparate types of information into computer records. ADC devices and technologies include bar code systems, optical character recognition and speech recognition.
ADCCP	Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures	A bit-oriented, ANSI-standard communications link-layer protocol.
ADDM	Application Discovery and Dependency Mapping  Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor	BMC’s application  analyzes the data in Oracle’s Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) to discover the actual cause behind performance problems
ADE	Application Data Export  application development environment	Technology by Oracle Databases  An product that offers a range of tools or features (for example, for programming, interface development and testing) to provide a complete “environment” for developing applications.
ADF	Activity Decision Flow  Application Development Facility  automatic document feeder	The format in which models are exported from WebSphere Business Integration Workbench into WebSphere Business Modeler.  An IBM program for developing IMS applications  a device for feeding documents into a SCANNER automatically, sheet by sheet
admin	ADMINISTRATOR	the account name used by the system administrator under Windows NT and its successors
ADI	Analog Devices, Inc.  Application Desktop Integrator	leader in high performance signal processing solutions http://www.analog.com/  Spreadsheet-based extension of Oracle Applications. It provides full-cycle accounting within the comfort and familiarity of a spreadsheet for General Ledger and Oracle Assets
ADK	Additional Decryption Key	Key to be able to decrypt data even if the private key owner is unwilling to provide the private key
ADL	Advanced Distributed Learning	A set of standards designed to facilitate the sharing of learning objects across different learning management systems.
ADM	Agile development management  Application Development Manager	Agile development management  Oracle Siebel’s product that reduce the deployment efort and application downtime and to increase the application deployment quality
ADMD	Administration Management Domain or Administrative Management Domain	A public e-mail message service that uses the X.400 protocol.
ADMF	Asynchronous Data Mover Facility	A IBM mainframe feature designed to enhance system performance in data moves between central and expanded storage.
ADN	Advanced Digital Network application delivery networking	ADN refers to a 56Kbps leased-line. ADN is an approach and a suite of technologies that comprises application security, application acceleration and network availability.
ADO	ActiveX Data Objects	A high-level data access object model introduced by Microsoft in 1996.
ADP	Accidental Damage Protection	A hardware support agreement covering physical damage to aproduct caused by or resulting from a fortuitous incident. Accidents covered include liquid spills, drop impact, electrical surges, and accidental breakage.
ADPCM	adaptive differential pulse code modulation	A speech-coding method that calculates the difference between two consecutive speech samples in standard pulse code modulation (PCM) coded telecommunications voice signals.
ADS	Active Directory Service  Asynchrous Data Switching	Windows 2000 network objects database that stores each specific network item in a central database and that may be replicated  A PBX system that supports asynchronous data.
ADSI	Active Directory Services Interface  Analog Display Services Interface	A Microsoft Active Directory feature that enables Windows 2000 applications to interact with other directory services without the need to know the details of the underlying protocols.  Protocol that simplifies use of advanced features by displaying text messages, generated by a remote computer or central office switch, on a user’s telephone display or television set.
ADSL	Asynchrous Data Switching Line	A digital local loop using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other.
ADSM	ADSTAR Distributed Storage Manager	An IBM product which provides services for backing up, archiving and restoring data files by allowing a central workstation to act as a server for networked workstations and personal computers.
ADSR	Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release	the four parameters in a basic synthesizer. While Sustain is a level control, the Attack, Decay and Release are time and ratio-dependant parameters. When a key is pressed, the Attack determines the ratio with which it reaches a top level and the begins to fall at the ratio of the Decay parameter down to the level set by the Sustain value.
ADSTAR	Automated Document Storage and Retrieval	IBM’s name for its storage products business in the 1990s.
ADT	Abstract Data Type  admission, discharge and transfer  application deployment template	a class of data structures described by means of a set of operations rather than by physical representation, such as a class in object-oriented programming.  A category of hospital software. An ADT system records admissions to, discharges from and transfers within a hospital, and maintains the hospital census.  A combination of the logical deployment template and the network topology template that describes the deployment of application modules on servers and clusters.
ADTG	Advanced Data Table Gram	Microsoft Proprietary binary format for storing database data
ADUC	Active Directory Users and Computers	A snap-in in the Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
AEC	Architecture, Engineering, Construction	A computer graphics market requiring specialized applications that facilitate efficient planning, design, drafting, and analysis.
AES	Advanced Encryption Standard	A competition is currently underway to define a public 256-bit symmetric encryption algorithm that will replace DES (Data Encryption Standard).
AF	Assured Forwarding  audio frequency	Using AF, a provider may offer different levels of service for IP packets received from a customer domain. Each AF class is allocated a specified amount of buffer space and bandwidth  a frequency within the range of human hearing, 20 to 20,000 hertz
AFC	antiferromagnetically coupled	A type of storage media that uses an advanced magnetic coating expected to dramatically increase HDD capacity. IBM shipped the first AVC-based storage products in 2001.
AFI	Authority and Format Identifier	This identifier is part of the network level address header.
AFIS	Automated Fingerprint Identification System	a biometric ID methodology that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data. The AFIS was originally used by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in criminal cases.
AFK	Away From Keyboard	An example of Internet shorthand used in chat rooms, E-Mail, and instant messages.
AFM	Atomic Force Microscope	a powerful tool to manipulate matters at the nanoscale. It is today used for imaging a wide range of surfaces such as glass, composites, ceramics, polymers and biological samples. AFM finds increasing application in nanotechnology and biophysics.
AFP	Advanced Function Printing  Apple Filing Protocol	An IBM all-points-addressable enterprisewide print architecture.  A client/server protocol used by Apple file service to share files and network services. AFP uses TCP/IP and other protocols to support communication between computers on a network.
AFL	Academic Free License	permissive free software license written in 2002 by Lawrence E. Rosen
AGC	Automatic Gain Control	Most often used in audio circuits; an electronic circuit which automatically increases the volume when someone is speaking quietly and drops the volume when someone is speaking loudly, to keep the transmitted signal constant.
AGP	Accelerated Graphics Port	An Intel technology for desktop systems. It increases system performance by offloading graphic requirements from the system bus to a bus dedicated to video processing.
AHCI	Advanced Host Controller Interface	an interface specification that allows the storage driver to enable advanced SATA features such as Native Command Queuing and hot plug.
AHP	analytical hierarchy process	A process that uses hierarchical decomposition to deal with complex information in multicriterion decision making, such as information technology vendor and product evaluation.
AI	Action Indicator  Adobe Illustrator  artificial intelligence	AI is an ISDN term  AI is a draw program for Macintosh and Windows. It is especially useful for technical drawing.  AI is the use of computers to simulate human thinking. Artificial intelligence is concerned with building computer programs that can solve problems creatively
AIA	Application Integration Architecture	Application Integration Architecture
AID	attention identifier	A character in a data stream that is sent to the host system when a display station user presses an AID key. Typical AID keys are function keys or the Clear, Enter, Page Up, Page Down, Help, Print, and Home keys.
AIM	AOL Instant Messenger	an application that allows computer users to correspond with friends while online
AIN	Advanced Intelligent Network	Introduced by AT&T Network Systems in 1991, AIN enables service providers to define, test and introduce new multimedia messaging, personal-communication and cell-routing services.
AIO	all in one	These are printers that are a combination of various devices in one machine, including printer, scanner, fax machine and copier.
AIOD	Automatic Identified Outward Dialing	An option on a PBX that specifies the extension number instead of the PBX number on outward calls. Used for internal billing.
AIP	Advanced Inspection and Prevention	Cisco ASA add-in modules
AIR	Additive Increase Rate	An ABR service parameter, AIR controls the rate at which the cell transmission rate increases. It is signaled as AIRF, where AIRF = AIR*Nrm/PCR.
AIT	Advanced Intelligent Tape	An eight-millimeter helical-scan tape drive designed and manufactured by Sony. Sony has differentiated its AIT drive from other 8-millimeter tape drives with a unique media feature on the tape cartridge called memory in cassette (MIC).
AIX	Advanced Interactive Executive	AIX is an operating system developed by IBM and is in fact Unix-based.
Ajax	Asynchronous JavaScript and XML	A way of including content in a web page in which javascript code in the web page fetches some data from a server and displays it without re-fetching the entire surrounding page at the same time (hence the ‘Asynchronous’)
AJP	Apache JServ Protocol	Binary, packet-oriented protocol bridging the web server with the servlet container. The web server attempts to maintain persistent TCP connections to the servlet container, and to reuse a connection for multiple request/response cycles
AL PA	Arbitrated Loop Physical Address	In Fibre Channel transmissions, an 8-bit value used to identify a participating device in an arbitrated loop.
ALET	access list entry token	A token that serves as an index into an access list.
ALG	Application Layer Gateway	Used in conjuction with NAT to allow IP address translation
ALGOL	ALGOrithmic Language	a pair of programming languages that had a strong impact on programming language design.
ALI	Application layer interface	The ALI forms the interface for the application layer in the OSI reference model. It provides a clearly defined separation of communication and application
ALM	Application Life Cycle Management  Asset Lifecycle Management  Asynchronous Line Multiplexer	the facility for common process workflow and consolidation of planning, management, measurement and reporting of work item activities in the development process.  Asset Lifecycle Management  A device that connects multiple terminals or other serial interface devices to Sun network file servers or workstations. Also known as “multiple terminal interface.”
ALP	Application Layer Program / Protocol	A program or network protocol at the Application Layer
ALSA	Advanced Linux Sound Architecture	Linux kernel component intended to replace the original Open Sound System for providing drivers for sound cards.
ALT	alternative	Used in an HTML tag for the benefit of people using nongraphical browsers, or for people using a browser with graphics turned off.  A top-level category of “alternative” USENET newsgroups.  The Alt key on the keyboard of PC compatibles, typically used in conjunction with other keys.
ALU	Alcatel-Lucent  arithmetic logic unit	A leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP and optics technologies, applications and services www.alcatel-lucent.com  A CPU’s core element, which carries out arithmetic computations.
AM	Amplitude Modulation	A particular technology, most commonly used in radio broadcasting, where blending a modulated signal into a carrier wave by varying the amplitude of the carrier creates the final transmit frequency.
AMA	automatic message accounting	A function that automatically documents billing data related to subscriber-dialed long-distance calls.
Amanda	(formerly) Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver	an open source computer archiving tool that is able to back up data residing on multiple computers on a network. http://www.amanda.org/
AMD	Active Matrix Display  Advanced Microchip Devices  architected model-driven	LCD technology, used for computer screens, in which there is a transistor for each pixel, which prevents losing image quality between scans.  A semiconductor manufacturer and is a major competitor of Intel. They manufacture the Athlon, Duron, and K6 CPU chips.  www.amd.com  SOA tools that automate models and rules
AME	Advanced Metal Evaporated	A media formulation manufactured by Sony for use in its consumer and computer product lines.
ami	Analyze, Metricate, Improve	A method for software project management and process improvement.
AMI	advanced metering infrastructure  Alternate Mark Inversion  Application Messaging Interface	utility-focused applications  Line coding format used on T1 facilities that transmits ones by alternate positive and negative pulses.  The programming interface provided by WebSphere MQ that defines a high level interface to message queuing services.
AML	Anti-Money-Laundering  Astronomical Markup Language	Verify the identity of any person seeking to open an account, determine the source and destination of their funding, and check the account opener’s name against any government-provided lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations.  A standardized format for exchange of metadata related to astronomy. This language will enhance the ability of astronomers to retrieve scientific data, and make it possible for humans and intelligent agents to use the same information.
AMMA	Advanced Memory Management Architecture	Strategies for providing sufficient memory to all the processes in a computer system, performed by the memory management unit.
AMP	ampere (A)  amplifier  Asymmetric Multi-Processing	a measurement of electrical current. One coulomb flowing per second.  a term used for devices that increase output of sound or electrical voltage or current.  an option built into many current operating systems to share CPU functions between two mirrored servers.
AMPS	Advanced Mobile Phone System	The original standard specification for analog systems. Used primarily in North America, Latin America, Australia and parts of Russia and Asia.
AMR	Audio Modem Riser  Automatic meter reading	an Intel specification that defines a new architecture for the design of motherboards.  the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from water meter or energy metering devices (water, gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing.
AMRF	Action Message Retention Facility	A z/OS facility that, when active, retains all action messages except those specified by the installation.
AMS	access method services Analog/Mixed-Signal Application Management Services	A multifunction utility named IDCAMS that is used to manage catalogs, devices, and both VSAM and non-VSAM data sets. Analog/Mixed-Signal Application Management Services
AMT	Active Management Technology  address mapping table	Allows the IT team to better discover, heal, and protect their networked computing assets  A table that provides a current mapping of node addresses to hardware addresses.
AMTA	American Mobile Telecommunications Association	AMTA represents and promotes the interest of specialized wireless communications, meeting the educational, informational and regulatory needs of licensees and related businesses. See them at AMTAUSA.ORG.
ANDF	Architecture-Neutral Distribution Format	an emerging OSF standard for software distribution. Programs are compiled into ANDF before distribution, and executables are produced from it for the local target system.
ANI	Automatic Number Identification	The number associated with the telephone station from which switched calls are originated or terminated.
Anon FTP	Anonymous FTP	A method for downloading and uploading files using FTP protocol without having a username or a password.  In place of a username, word “anonymous” is used, and in place of a password, email address is usually used.
ANOVA	analysis of variance	A form of statistical analysis.
ANR	automatic network routing	In High-Performance Routing (HPR), a highly efficient routing protocol that minimizes cycles and storage requirements for routing network layer packets through intermediate nodes on the route.
ANSI	American National Standards Institute	the main industrial standardization organization in the United States. There are official ANSI standards in almost all industries, and many of them have to do with computers. www.ansi.org
ANX	Automotive Network Exchange	Established by the Automotive Industry Action Group to offer extranet-based applications to suppliers of Chrysler, Ford and General Motors.
AOA	angle of arrival	Based on triangulation, a method of processing cellular phone signals, AOA allows the physical position of switched-on wireless devices to be located.
AOCE	Apple Open Collaboration Environment	Macintosh System 7 extensions that make it possible to share e-mail, directory, and other services in a multiplatform environment.
AoE	Ata Over Ethernet	Network protocol designed for simple, high-performance access of SATA storage devices over Ethernet networks. It gives the possibility to build SANs with low-cost, standard technologies
AOF	Advanced Open File  application object file	Backup exec option backs up open files during a backup job  An ASCII text file that contains the names of the global description file and the component description files, which together describe the management characteristics of an application.
AOL	America Online  Application Object Library	AOL is founded in 1985, America Online, based in Dulles, Virginia, has become the world’s leader in interactive services, Web brands, Internet technologies, and e-commerce services. www.aol.com  AOL stand for Application Object Library
AOR	Address of Record	An SIP term, an AOR provides a single public address for all telecommunications. The AOR can be mapped across multiple devices and media types.
AP	access point	a hardware device or a computer’s software that acts as a communication hub for users of a wireless device to connect to a wired LAN. APs are important for providing heightened wireless security and for extending the physical range of service a wireless user has access to.
APA	all-points addressable	Able to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined position or picture element (pel) on the printable area of the paper.
APaaS	application platform as a service	application platform as a service
APACS	Association for Payment Clearing Services	The organization that manages U.K. payment systems.
APaRT	automated packet recognition/translation	Technology that allows a server to be attached to CDDI or FDDI without requiring the reconfiguration of applications or network protocols.
APC	asynchronous procedure call  American Power Conversion  Antenna Phase Center	A kernel-defined control object which represents a procedure that is called asynchronously within a particular thread context.  American Power Conversion  A theoretical point in the guidance receiver for which a position is derived.
APDU	application-layer protocol data unit	In OSI, a protocol data unit in the application layer.
APF	Automated Purposing Framework	Collection of scripts and utilities that enable you to consistently and reliably prepare computer hardware (BIOS, mass storage) and install the Windows operating system and layered products on one or more build computers
API	Application Programming Interface Advanced Photonix, Inc	An interface to a computer operating system or software program that gives other programs access to functions similar to those offered to users through a graphical user interface. a leading supplier of opto-electronic solutions and Terahertz sensors and instrumentation to a global OEM …advancedphotonix.com/
APM	Active policy management  Advanced Power Management  application performance management	analyzes unstructured content in documents and e-mails, and applies the appropriate rules for access, life cycle management and oversight.  A feature from Intel and Microsoft for battery-powered computers, which powers-down or the display when the computer has been inactive for a certain length of time in order to conserve power.  application performance management
APML	Attention Profiling Markup Language	used to consolidate and aggregate individual users’ ranked interests
APNIC	Asia Pacific Network Information Center	Nonprofit Internet registry organization for the Asia Pacific region. The other Internet registries are currently IANA, RIPE NCC, and InterNIC. http://www.apnic.net/
APO	Advanced Planner and Optimizer	A supply-chain-planning suite from SAP.
APOP	Authenticated Post Office Protocol	similar to the POP protocol except that APOP enables your password to be encrypted while being transmitted over the network.
APOT	Alternate (Additional) Point of Termination	form identifies specific collocation terminations at the ICDF frame where the CLEC “UNE termination cables” are terminated. These terminations are used for the purpose of ordering UNEs, Ancillary Services, or Finished Services.
app	application	a computer program that performs useful work not related to the computer itself. Examples include WORD PROCESSORs, PRESENTATION GRAPHICS programs
APPC	Advanced Program-to-Program Communication	The programming interface to LU 6.2, IBM’s protocol for peer-to-peer program communication under SNA.
APPN	Advanced Peer to Peer Networking	IBM data communications support that routes data between Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communication (APPC) systems to enable users anywhere on the network to have direct communication with each other.
APR	Apache Portable Runtime	Its mission is to provide a free library of C data structures and routines, forming a system portability layer to as many operating systems as possible, including Unices, MS Win32, BeOS and OS/2
APS	advanced planning and scheduling  Automatic Protection Switching	A subcomponent of supply chain planning (SCP) that focuses on manufacturing planning and scheduling.  A mean for automatically detecting and signalling a transmission link failure
APWG	Anti-Phishing Working Group	an international membership organization that seeks to eliminate fraud based on attacks from phishing and e-mail spoofing. These attacks hurt legitimate businesses as the attackers fraudulently use the identity of an established organization in their attack.
AQCB	Automated Quote Contract Billing	System used to price non-tariffed products and services.
AR	Access Rate  Augmented reality	The data rate of the user access channel. The rate (maximum) at which access devices can offer data to the frame relay network  a technology that superimposes graphics, audio and other virtual enhancements over a live view of the real world. It is this “real world” element that differentiates AR from virtual reality.
ARA	Apple Remote Access	Communication software designed to offer remote access to an AppleTalk-compatible network via an ARA server.
ARAD	architected rapid application development	SOA tools that automate models and rules
ARAG	AntiReflection AntiGlare	There are add-on screens for monitors that eliminate screen glare and protect the user’s eyes.
ARC	Ames Research Center Archive	NASA facility is charged with the mission of assisting with better life quality on earth, human exploration, space travel and the search for life on other planets. www.nasa.gov/centers/ames Archive
ARCNET	Attached Resource Computer NETwork	a LAN protocol, similar in purpose to Ethernet or Token Ring.
ARD	Automatic Ring Down	Private line connecting a station instrument in one location with a station instrument in another location. When station one is off hook, station two rings. Also called “hot line”.
ARIA	Accessible Rich Internet Applications	ARIA, also WAI-ARIA, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people
ARIN	American Registry for Internet Numbers	the Internet registry service for North and South America, as well the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa. http://arin.net/
ARL	ABLE Rule Language	A rule-based programming language that is used to express business logic outside of program logic. ARL provides tight integration with Java objects, and the tooling provided with ABLE is based on the Eclipse platform.
ARM	Advanced RISC Machines Asynchronous Response Mode Active Registry Monitor	a RISC processor find most of their use on hand-held machines and PDAs. Currently owned by Intel, and currently produced by both the above and Digital/Compaq. Asynchronous Response Mode Active Registry Monitor
ARP	Address Resolution Protocol	A method for finding a host’s Ethernet address from its Internet address. It works like this: The sender broadcasts an ARP packet containing the Internet address of another host and waits for it to send back its Ethernet address.
ARPANET	Advance Research Projects Agency Network	A packet-switched network developed in the early 1970s. The “father” of today’s Internet. ARPANET was decommissioned in June 1990. http://www.arpa.mil/
ARQ	automatic repeat request	A modem status signal indicated by a light on the modem; in cases of transmissions errors, the ARQ is a request to the sender to retransmit.
ARS	Action Request System  automatic route selection	call tracking and resolution software provided by BMC Software  Device (or software) which chooses the lowest cost route for long-distance calls over specific lines or services, including WATS, leased, specialized non-Bell common carriers or direct distance dialing (DDD).
ART	Additional Reference Transmission	ART is carrier term
ARTS	Association for Retail Technology Standards	Data Model standard
ARu	audio response unit	Output device which provides a spoken response to digital inquiries from a telephone or other device. The response is usually assembled by a computer from a prerecorded vocabulary of words.
AS/400	Application System/400	A midrange computer system introduced by IBM in 1988 as a replacement for its System/36 and System/38 product families.
AS2	Applicability Statement 2	a specification for EDI between businesses using the Internet’s Web page protocol, HTTP. The specification is an extension of the earlier version, Applicability Statement 1 (AS1).
ASA	average speed of answer	A standard quantitative method for measuring the speed at which call center calls are answered.
ASBR	Autonomous System Boundary Router	ASBRs run both OSPF and another routing protocol, such as RIP. ASBRs must reside in a nonstub OSPF area.
ASC	Abstract Syntax Checker	In OSI, a utility program for OSI Communications Subsystem that processes user-specified ASN.1 statements
ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange	pronounced as-kee, standard way of encoding characters into digital codes. An ASCII file is taken to mean a text file containing unformatted text that is, characters but not information about fonts, sizes and so on.
ASCL	Asianet Satellite Communications Limited	dataline, broadband internet, leading ISP in kerala. asianet.co.in
ASE	Adaptive Server Enterprise  application service element	relational database management system product of Sybase Corporation, is a direct descendant of Sybase SQL Server.  A set of functions in the application layer of OSI that provides a capability for the interworking of application entities for a specific purpose on a single application association.
ASF	Advanced Streaming Format  Automatic Sheet Feeder	set of standards from Microsoft that is utilized in WMP7 technology.  The technology dictates the different ways printers feed paper. Dot matrix printers usually run on a continuous Web of paper while laser printers or ink jet type printers are generally single sheet. They are also often referred to as page printers.
ASIC	Application-Specific Integrated Circuit	A chip with custom-built hardware circuits for a particular set of functions. ASICs are commonly used in networking devices to maximize performance and provide integration of multiple functions into a single chip.
ASIF	access security information field	In SNA, a field within Function Management Header Type 5 (FMH-5), which is used to convey security information.
ASIS	access security information subfield	In SNA, a subfield within Function Management Header Type 5 (FMH-5), which is used to convey security information.
ASK	Anomalous State of Knowledge	ASK is a programming term
ASLR	Address Space Layout Randomization	a process which entails arranging the positions of major data areas randomly in virtual address space. Microsoft’s Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 have ASLR enabled by default
ASLS	Analog Single Line Station	a telephony term. An extension port on a PABX/KSU that will allow a standard household type phone to interface with the system.
ASM	Auto-sequencing memory  Automatic Storage Management	Anti machine data memory including data counters to be programmed by flowware to generate the data streams at run time.  Oracle 10g database feature that provides the database administrator with a simple storage management interface that is consistent across all server and storage platforms
ASML	originally ASM Lithography (ASM for Advanced Semiconductor Materials)	largest supplier in the world of photolithography systems for the semiconductor industry, founded in 1984 as a joint venture between the Dutch companies Advanced Semiconductor Materials International (ASMI) and Philips. www.asml.com
AS	Activesync	AS is Microsoft software
AS / ASN	autonomous system (number)	A number assigned to a local network, registered into the carrier’s routing community and placed under the umbrella of an administrative domain called an autonomous system
ASN	Abstract Syntax Notation	The International Organization for Standardization’s OSI language for describing abstract syntax.
ASN.1	Abstract Syntax Notation One	In OSI, a notation for defining data structures and data types. The notation is defined in international standards ISO 8824/ITU X.208 and ISO 8825/ITU X.209.
ASO	Address Supporting Organization	ICANN Supporting Organization responsible for reviewing and developing recommendations on IP address policy aso.icann.org
ASP	Abstract Service Primitive  Active Server Pages  Application Server Process  Application Service Provider  Aspect Oriented Programming  Average Selling Price	Implementation-independent description of interaction between service-user and service-provider at particular service boundary, as defined by OSI.  a Microsoft technology, allows programmers to develop custom code that works with Microsoft’s IIS.  Application Server Process  Sometimes refered to as an “app-on-tap,” this is a third-party company that distributes software-based services from a central location to customers in other locations.  Aspect Oriented Programming  This term is used in the microchip manufacturing world. Companies like AMD and Intel strive for high ASPs. The ASP is an indication not only of direct profits, but how well a company is keeping up with the technology curve.
ASPI	Advanced SCSI Programming Interface	An interface from Adaptec that allows application programs to access SCSI hardware. See SCSI.
ASPX	Active Server Pages eXtended	Dynamic web pages engine for the Microsoft .NET framework
ASR	Access Service Request Automatic Speech Recognition Automated System Recovery	Access Service Request Automatic Speech Recognition Automated System Recovery
ASQ	Automated Software Quality	The use of software tools, such as automated testing tools, to improve software quality.
ASR	Automatic Send and Receive  automatic speech recognition  Automated system recovery	Any one of several devices designed to transmit and receive data unattended, in contrast with RO, “receive only” devices.  Another name for speech recognition technology.  One of several backup mechanisms on Windows XP. ASR is intended to be taken infrequently, whenever there are changes in the system.
ASV	Approved Scanning Vendor	Company approved by the PCI SSC to conduct external vulnerability scanning services.
AT	Advanced Technology	the class of IBM PCs originally introduced in 1984 using the 80286 microprocessor and a 16-bit bus
AT&T	American Telephone And Telegraph	The USA’s major common carrier for long distance telephone lines.
ATA	Actual Time of Arrival  Advanced Technology Attachment  Analog Telephone Adaptor	Actual Time of Arrival  An integrated bus usually used between host processors and disk drives. Used interchangeably with IDE.  connects the conventional telephone to the Internet, converts the analog voice signals into IP packets, delivers dial tone and manages the call setup.
ATAG	Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines	W3C recommendation that explains how to develop authoring tools that make it easier to produce accessible Web pages that conform to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
ATAPI	AT Attachment Packet Interface	A hardware and software specification that documents the interface between a host computer and CD-ROM drives using the ATA bus.
ATB	all trunks busy	A single tone interrupted at a 120 impulses per minute (ipm) rate to indicate all lines or trunks in a routing group are busy.
ATCA	Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture	ATCA provides the telecommunications industry with an opportunity to adopt a standard architecture for a broad spectrum of products, including wireless access, wireless core networks, and IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS network elements.
ATG	advanced technology group  Art Technology Group	A group charged with researching, tracking and evaluating emerging technologies for an enterprise, and with prototyping and piloting advanced-technology projects prior to deployment.  A developer of online customer relationship management applications, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
ATI	Allied Telesyn International	Networking hardware manufacturer
ATL	Active Template Library  automated tape library	A group of routines provided by Microsoft that can be used to help more easily create ASP, ActiveX, and COM objects in C++.  A system used for high-capacity, tape-based data storage. ATLs typically have dozens of drives and can accommodate hundreds tape cartridges.
ATLAS	Authorization Token Layer Acquisition Service	Describes the service needed to acquire authorization tokens to access a target system using the CSIv2 protocol. This design defines a single interface with which a client acquires an authorization token
ATM	Adobe Type Manager  asynchronous transfer mode  automated teller machine	a software program or system extension manufactured by Adobe Systems that is used to enhance the display of screen fonts on computer monitors,  a transfer mode for switching and transmission that efficiently and flexibly organizes information into cells. It is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate.  A public banking machine that customers can access by inserting or swiping a magnetic card and entering a password.
ATO	assemble to order	A strategy allowing a product or service to be made to meet the custom requirements of a specific order, where a large number of such customized products can be assembled in various forms from common components.
Atom	Any Transport over MPLS  Atom	a technology developed by Cisco for transporting Layer 2 packets over an IP/MPLS backbone.  Atom is the name of an XML-based Web content and metadata syndication format, and an application-level protocol for publishing and editing Web resources belonging to periodically updated Web sites.
ATP	AppleTalk Transaction Protocol  available to promise	In AppleTalk networks, a protocol that provides client/server request and response functions for hosts accessing the ZIP for zone information.  The uncommitted portion of a company’s inventory or planned production. This figure is frequently calculated from the master production schedule and is maintained as a tool for order promising.
ATPCO	Airline Tariff Publishing Company	The central database where airlines file and publish their fares
ATRAC	Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding	Audio compression algorithm, introduced by Sony for its Mini Disk, which relies on the masking of low-amplitude frequency components by temporally adjacent high-amplitude components
ATRN	Authenticated Turn	Authenticated Turn
ATS	Abstract Test Suite Applications Technology Satellite Air to Surface	Abstract Test Suite Applications Technology Satellite Air to Surface
ATSC	Advanced Television Systems Committee	an international, non-profit organization developing voluntary standards for digital television.
ATTIS	AT&T Information Systems	A division of AT&T Technologies that supplies and manufactures CPE.
ATU-C / ATU-R	ADSL Transmission Unit, Central or Remote	Device at end of ADSL line that stands between line and first item of equipment in subscriber premises or telephone switch. May be integrated within access node.
ATUL	ADSL Termination Unit Remote	ATUR is the ADSL modem or PC card that physically terminates an ADSL connection at the end user’s location.
ATVEF	Advanced TV Enhancement Forum	A standard for creating enhanced, interactive television content and for delivering that content to a range of television, set-top, and PC-based receivers (http://www.atvef.com).
ATX	Advanced Technology eXtended	A particular set of characteristics defining a generic type of motherboard, power supply and chassis combination. The definition came from Intel, along with a consortium of hardware and software makers to define the ability of the design.
AUDIT	AUtomated Data Input Terminal	AUtomated Data Input Terminal
AUI	Attachment Unit Interface	a device that contains a 15-bit pin, or socket, and is used to connect a NIC with a standard Ethernet cable.
AUIML	Abstract User Interface Markup Language	An XML implementation that provides a platform and technology-neutral method of representing windows, wizards, property sheets, and other user interface elements.
AUP	acceptable use policy	a policy that a user must agree to follow in order to be provided with access to a network or to the Internet.
AUTOEXEC	Automatic Execution	When a program is executed on it’s own.
AUTONEG	Autonegotiation	a feature that determines link options and optimal settings for a given Ethernet connection. When AUTONEG is enabled, a network interface card or a switch port can determine the capabilities of the device at the far end of the link and select the best mode of operation.
AUV	Autonomous Underwater Vehicle	a robotic device driven through water by a propulsion system. AUVs are self-sufficient vehicles carrying their own energy source.  The control of the vehicle is done using an onboard computer thus eliminating the need of operators located elsewhere.
AUX	auxiliary device	A peripheral device that may perform a useful function but is not necessary for the operation of the computer. Examples are printers, scanners, and modems.
AV	Anti Virus  Audio Video or Visual	Anti Virus software  pertaining to the recording and reproduction of sounds and pictures
AVD	alternate voice data	A single transmission facility which can be used for either voice or data.
AVED	AntiVirus Emergency Discussion list	A mailing list for professional antivirus researchers allowing them to alert other researchers to emerging or ongoing ‘crisis’ or ’emergency’ virus events.
AVI	Audio/Video Interleaved	AVI is the most common format for audio/video data on the personal computer.
AVK	Application Verification Kit	Tool intended to help developers test their applications for correct use of J2EE APIs and portability across J2EE compatible application servers, and to help developers avoid inadvertently writing non-portable code
AVS	Application Visualisation System	a portable modular UNIX-based graphics package supported by a consortium of vendors including Convex, DEC, IBM, HP, SET Technologies, Stardent and WaveTracer.
AVST	Applied Voice & Speech Technologies Inc.	software company in the telecommunication industry http://www.avst.com/
AWD	Access Workflow Designer	Organize and track information
AVVID	Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data	An architectural approach for integrating enterprise voice, video and data traffic over IP-based networks, introduced by Cisco Systems in 1999.
AWE	Advanced WavEffects	A series of sound cards from Creative Labs that includes the Sound Blaster AWE 32, the Sound Blaster AWE64, and the AWE64 Gold.
AWS	Advanced Wireless Services  Amazon Web Services  Autonomous Web Services	Amazon Web Services (AWS) delivers a set of services that together form a reliable, scalable, and inexpensive computing platform “in the cloud”. aws.amazon.com/ a collection of remote computing services a next generation Web Services based on business process model harmonization among independent systems
AWT	Abstract Window Toolkit	In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that were implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide that subset of functionality which is common to all operating system environments.
	a+	Pronounced A plus, a certification developed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) to validate vendor-neutral skills for entry-level computer technicians. Holders of the A+ certification have been trained in installing, repairing, troubleshooting, maintaining, customizing and operating PCs.
	AC97	The popular audio system from Realtek.
	acoustic coupler	A special type of modem that converts acoustic energy (sound waves) into electrical energy, allowing a standard telephone handset to be attached to a computer or data terminal for data transmission.
	ActiveX	A Microsoft technology that facilitates various Internet applications, and therefore extends and enhances the functionality of Microsoft’s Internet Explorer browser. Like Java, ActiveX enables the development of interactive content.
	Activity Streams	a publish/subscribe notification mechanism that provides frequent updates to subscribers about the activities or events that relate to another individual.
	Ada	a programming language developed in the late 1970s for the U.S. Department of Defense.
	Ad Hoc Network	A decentralized wireless network in which each node is capable of forwarding data to other nodes without relying on an established access point. An ad hoc network can be created spontaneously as needed and requires no permanent infrastructure.
	Adwords	an advertising service by Google for businesses wanting to display ads on Google and its advertising network. The AdWords program enables businesses to set a budget for advertising and only pay when people click the ads. adwords.google.com
	Aero	The new user interface for Windows Vista, except for the Start and Home Basic editions.
	air interface	a cellular industry term. It refers to the system that ensures compatibility between subscriber terminal equipment (i.e. cell phones and PDAs) and base stations. It involves the specification of channel frequencies and widths,
	air PBX	an IP-PBX system in which traditional PBX desk phones are replaced by cell phones. The implementation can be via WLAN or cellular. Devices using software telephone (“softphone”) technology can use all functions provided by the call manager.
	always-on	An internet connection which remains on 24/7 such as ADSL or cable, rather than only connecting on demand like a dialup.
	Android	Linux based operating system that is backed by Google and the other members of the Open Handset Alliance.
	Anonymous	With no traceability; unable to ascertain the actual identity of the claimed identity; very likely to imply naming that is intentionally opaque.  Anonymous FTP: Service supported by many Internet hosts. Typically, allows user to download documents, files, programs, and other publicly accessible data using FTP.
	antenna	A metallic device used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. An antenna can be a passive or active device.
	applet	This a Java program that can be embedded in a Web page. The difference between a standard Java application and a Java applet is that an applet can’t access system resources on the local computer.
	archive	Data that is important information, stored for a long period of time in some recording media such as magnetic tapes, storage arrays or other non-active hard disks.
	atom	Atom is an alternate XML format for easily sharing content, much like RSS Really Simple Syndication (format). Blogs on http://www.blogger.com/ for example, publish Atom feeds.
	Autonomous Vehicles	can drive itself from a starting point to a predetermined destination in “autopilot” mode using various in-vehicle technologies and sensors, including GPS navigation technology
	avatar	A graphical icon that represents a real person in a cyberspace system. When you enter the system, you can choose from a number of fanciful avatars. Sophisticated 3D avatars even change shape depending on what they are doing  A common name for the superuser account on UNIX systems. The other common name is root.
	AVG	AVG is a family of anti-virus and Internet security software for the Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, and FreeBSD computing platforms, developed by AVG Technologies. http://www.avg.com
	AZERTY	The standard French language keyboard layout. Term comes from the first six letters below the row of numbers.

B – List of terms starting with the letter “B”

b	bit	The number of bits used to represent a character. For personal computers a byte is usually 8 bits.
B	byte
B channel	Bearer Channel	A wire used in ISDN service that can carry up to 64 Kbps of data when operating at full capacity. It is a clear channel “pipe” that carries voice, data, or video over ISDN. The BRI service offered to home users has two B channels.
B2B	business-to-business	B2B is also commonly used as an adjective to describe any activity, be it B2B marketing, sales, or e-commerce, that occurs between businesses and other businesses
B2C	business-to-consumer	B2C describes activities of commercial organizations serving the end consumer with products and/or services. It is usually applied exclusively to electronic commerce.
B2E	business-to-employee	The use and leverage of e-business approaches and Internet technologies to deliver a comprehensive set of services to an enterprise’s employees and their managers. The full term is sometimes presented as “business-to-enterprise.”
B8ZS	Binary Eight Zero Suppression.	8ZS is a technique in T1 that modifies the AMI encoding to ensure minimum pulse density without altering customer data. When eight “zeros” in a row are detected, a pattern with intentional bipolar violations is substituted.
B-HAVW	Behavioral Heuristic Analyzer in Virtual Environments	Bitdefender technology
BAA	Blanket Authorization Agreement	Signed by interconnectors guaranteeing that they have authority of the end user customer to request CPNI and place service orders on the customer’s behalf.
BAC	BroadCast Agent	Business Objects broadcast agent
BACNET	Building Automation and Control Network protocol	a communications protocol for building automation and control networks.
BAF	Bellcore AMA Format	Bellcore (Now Telcordia Technologies) AMA Format
BAI	Bank Administration Institute	File / report format used in financial services industry
BAM	business activity monitoring	A Gartner term that defines the concept of providing real-time access to critical business performance indicators to improve the speed and effectiveness of business operations. At its broadest level, BAM is the convergence of operational business intelligence and real-time application integration.
BAN	Body Area Networks	an emerging field of technology that has the potential to revolutionize healthcare and pathbreaking applications in sports, communications and security.
BAPI	Business Application Programming Interface	A set of documented, server-side interfaces to one or more R/3 processes, from SAP. BAPI packages multiple internal functions to enable programmatic access to such higher-order tasks as checking customer numbers, providing product descriptions, selecting products, creating quotations or creating orders.
bar file	broker archive file	The unit of deployment to the broker; also known as a bar file. It contains any number of compiled message flows (.cmf), message sets (.dictionary), and a single deployment descriptor.
Basel II	Basel Capital Accord	a regulatory framework for the banking sector, developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. This committee meets every three months at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland.
BASH	Bourne-Again SHell	an interactive UNIX shell based on the traditional Bourne shell, but with increased functionality. BASH is the shell, or command language interpreter, that will appear in the GNU operating system
BASIC	Beginners’ All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code	A high-level algebraic programming language developed at Dartmouth College in the 1960s and widely taught to beginning programmers. It is simple to use but lacks speed.
BAT	Baby Advanced Technology  batch  Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent	A type of system board  in Windows, a file whose name ends in .BAT and that contains a list of commands China’s top three Internet companies, 百度、腾讯、阿里巴巴 in Chinese
BBC	British Broadcasting Corporation Broadband Bearer Capability	The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster, headquartered at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London  http://www.bbc.co.uk/> A bearer class field that is part of the initial address message.
BBCs	buffer-to-buffer credits	allow data communication in a Fibre Channel SAN where there are long spans of fiber optic cable. Unless storage distance extension is employed, latency imposes a distance limitation of a few kilometers between the source and the destination in the network.
BBN	Bolt, Beranek and Newman	the last names of the three founders of BBN Technologies and the original name of the company.
BBP	Business-to-Business Procurement	A catalog-based procurement product from SAP.
BBS	Bulletin Board System	A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows people to carry on discussions, upload and download files, and make announcements without the people being connected to the computer at the same time.
BC4J	Business Components For Java	Java 2 platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) framework that helps developers quickly construct high-performance J2EE applications following industry-standard design patterns
BCB	buffer control block	An opaque cache manager structure that is used to maintain state as a file system pins and releases data (for example, its volume structure) in the cache.
Bcc	Blind Carbon Copy	When you send an e-mail to only one person, you type the recipient’s address in the “To:” field. When you send a message to more than one person, you have the option to enter addresses in the “Cc:” and “Bcc:” fields.
BCC	Block Check Character	A control character added to a block in character oriented protocols (such as Bisync) used for determining if the block was received in error
BCD	binary-coded decimal	a format for representing decimal numbers (integers) in which each digit is represented by four bits (nybble or nibble). See byte. For example, the number 375 would be represented as: 0011 0111 0101.
BCE	Bell Canada Enterprises;	Canada’s Largest Communications Company http://www.bce.ca
BCEL	Byte Code Engineering Library	Library intended to give users a convenient possibility to analyze, create, and manipulate (binary) Java class files
BCI	Business Continuity Institute	The BCI promotes the highest standards of professional competence and commercial ethics in the provision, maintenance and services for Business Continuity Management (BCM).
BCM / BCMP	Business Continuity Management (Planning)	automates the collaborative research, analysis and writing needed to create a recovery plan for critical business and IT operations that can be published and distributed to the recovery teams.
BCOCA	Bar Code Object Content Architecture	An architected collection of constructs used to interchange and present bar code data.
BCP	Best Current Practice  Bulk Copy Program  business continuity planning	Means that a certain manner of proceeding is in general the most logical choice  A program used to copy databases or parts of databases in Sybase and Microsoft SQL Server environments.  A broad approach to planning for the recovery of an enterprise’s entire business process in event of a massive disruption caused by catastrophic event.
BCS	basic content services	BCSs provide document library services with complementary ad hoc imaging, basic Web publishing, document collaboration and document routing as their core functionalities.
BCUG	bilateral closed user group	In data communication, two users who have bilaterally agreed to communicate with each other, but not with other users.
BCV	business continuance volume	EMC’s name for the data volumes created by its Symmetrix TimeFinder feature. BCVs are copies of active data volumes that are separately addressed from the source volume.
BCX	Basic To C Translator	an open source and free software, translates BASIC to C/C++ for compilation on various Win32 compilers. It is a small command line tool that takes a BASIC source code file and outputs a C/C++ source code file.
BD	Blu-ray Disc	This is an optical disc format that was developed to enable recording, playback, and rewriting of HD video. This technology has a storage capacity far greater than that of traditional DVDs.
BDC	Backup Domain Controller	Secondary to the PDC, provides user/computer domain authentication
BDF	building distribution frame	The location in a building where equipment attaches a number of cables from the LDF’s
BECN	Backward Explicit Congestion Notification	A bit sent by a frame relay network to notify an interface device (DTE) that congestion avoidance procedures should be initiated by the sending device
BEEP	Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol	a framework for creating network application protocols. It is intended to abstract-out the common features that have traditionally been duplicated in each protocol implementation
Bellcore	Bell Communications Research	A jointly owned, financed and centrally staffed organization of the regional holding companies formed after the AT&T divestiture in 1984, charged with establishing network standards and interfaces. Bellcore changed its name to Telcordia Technologies in 1999.
BER	Basic Encoding Rules  bit error rate	Standard rules for encoding data units described in ASN.1.  A measurement of digital transmission quality – the lower the rate, the higher the quality. A minimum BER is often specified in service-level agreements between digital carriers and their customers.
BERT	Bit Error Rate Test	A test that reflects the ratio of errored bits to the total number transmitted. Usually shown in exponential form (10^-6) to indicate that one out of a certain number of bits are in error.
BES	BlackBerry Enterprise Server	BlackBerry’s mobility platform
BFR	Bona Fide Request	Submitted CLECs with an interconnection, or pending, agreement with Qwest for non-tariffed, non-negotiated, non-mandated services, including operations standards.
BFT	Binary File Transfer	A method of transferring files using fax modems. It’s an extension to the fax protocol.
BGA	ball grid array	As opposed to a pin grid array (PGA), a ball grid array is a type of microchip connection methodology. Ball grid array chips typically use a group of solder dots, or balls, arranged in concentric rectangles to connect to a circuit board.
BGI	Binary Gateway Interface	Provides a method of running a program from a Web server. Similar to a Common Gateway Interface (CGI). The BGI uses a binary DLL which is loaded into memory when the server starts. While more efficient han a CGI, the BGI must be compiled and is not easily portable to other environments.
BGAN	Broadband Global Area Network	BGAN is a mobile communications system created to transmit broadband wireless voice and data communications almost anywhere on the earth’s surface.
BGP	Border Gateway Protocol	The interdomain routing protocol implemented in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks.
BGP-4	Border Gateway Protocol-4	A networking redundancy service based on BGP. It enables an enterprise to route Information Protocol (IP) traffic destined for the same IP address via different network connections. In a BGP-4 environment, when a transmission comes from an Internet service provider’s network, it will look for the primary router that connects to the enterprise’s location.
BHCA	busy hour call attempt	The capacity of a voice call processor can be measured in BHCAs. BHCAs measure the amount of calls that a voice system can attempt to handle in a continuous one-hour period (for example, 2,500 busy hour call attempts or, equivalently, 2,500 call attempts during the busy hour). BHCA capacities include all calls attempted, whether completed or not.
BHCC	busy hour call completion	The capacity of a processor can be measured in terms of BHCCs. BHCCs are a measure that includes only completed calls, which makes it a more rigorous metric than BHCA.
BHLI	Broadband High Layer Information	This is a Q.2931 information element that identifies an application (or session layer protocol of an application).
BHMC	Busy Hour Minutes of Capacity	For Switched Access
BHO	Browser Help Object	a software component that can be added to Internet Explorer to add new functions.
BI	business intelligence	An interactive process for exploring and analyzing structured, domain-specific information to discern business trends or patterns, thereby deriving insights and drawing conclusions. The BI process includes communicating findings and effecting change.
BIA	business impact analysis	An analysis of the costs that would be incurred if a system or set of business processes failed to function properly. BIA is a required early step in the BCP process.
BIBOP	big bag of pages	a technique that encodes object type in the high-order bits of their address, by using a lookup table that maps from those bits to a type.
BIC	bank identifier code	A code used to uniquely identify a bank, logical terminal, or branch within a SWIFT network.
BICI	Broadband Inter-Carrier Interface	A carrier-to-carrier interface line PNNI (private network-to-network interface) that is needed because carriers do not permit their switches to share routing information or detailed network maps with their competition’s equipment.
BiDi	Bi-Directional	the capability of a computer system to correctly display bi-directional text.
BIDS	Business Intelligence Development Studio	IDE from Microsoft used for developing data analysis and Business Intelligence solutions utilizing the Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services, Reporting Services and Integration Services
Bin	binary	Binary data, composed of something other than human-readable text. Binary code, the digital representation of text and data
Binhex	BINary HEXadecimal	A method for converting non-text files (non-ASCII) into ASCII. This is needed because Internet e-mail can only handle ASCII.
BIOD	block input/output daemon	In the Network File System (NFS), a daemon that performs parallel read/write requests on behalf of an NFS client.
BIOS	Basic Input/Output System	A fundamental element of PCs and other computers. It is a kind of built-in software that determines what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk.
BIP	Bit Interleaved Parity	Method used at PHY layer to monitor error performance of link. Check bit or word is sent in link overhead covering previous block or frame. Bit errors in payload will be detected and may be reported as maintenance information.
BIPS	Bank Internet Payment System	The BIPS specification includes a protocol for sending payment instructions to banks safely over the Internet and a payment server architecture for processing those payment instructions
BIRT	Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools	Open source, Eclipse-based reporting system that integrates with your application to produce compelling reports for both web and PDF.
BIST	built-in self test	a feature included in newer integrated circuits and other electronic equipment
BISUP	Broadband ISDN User’s Part	SS7 protocol that defines signaling messages to control connections and services.
Bisync or BSC	Binary SYNChronous	A synchronous communications protocol that transmits binary-coded data between two devices by using a set of control characters and control character sequences.
Bit	Binary DigIT	A single digit number in base-2, in other words, either a 1 or a zero. The smallest unit of computerized data. Bandwidthis usually measured in bits-per-second.
BIT7	Bit Seven	A TR008 DS1 line code that performs zero code suppression by placing a one in bit 7 of an all-zeros byte.
BITNET	Because It’s Time Networking	Low-cost, low-speed academic network consisting primarily of IBM mainframes and 9600-bps leased lines. BITNET is now part of CREN.
BITS	Background Intelligent Transfer Service  Banking Industry Technology Secretariat  Bump-In-The-Stack	Enables developers to write client applications that transfer files asynchronously between a client and server.  The technology arm of the Bankers Roundtable, whose membership comprises the top 125 bank holding companies in the United States.  Configuration where IPsec is implemented “underneath” an existing implementation of an IP protocol stack, between the native IP and the local network drivers.
BITW	Bump-In-The-Wire	Configuration where IPsec is implemented through the use of an outboard crypto processor.
BIW	Business Information Warehouse	A component of SAP’s R/3 system.
BL	BLade Server	An HP brandname for ProLiant BladeServers, which are designed forthe performance, management, density and total cost of ownership (TCO) savings requirements of data centers.
BLAST	Basic Local Alignment Search Tool	consists of a set of algorithms. BLAST is used to compare biological sequences like protein sequences or nucleotides. With BLAST a comparison of individual sequence can be done against a database of sequences and information obtained in case there is matching of sequences.
BLISS	Broadband Local Integrated Services Solution	Allows service providers to offer a bundle of packet-based services including local and long distance voice services and high-speed data
B-LLI	Broadband Low Layer Information	This is a Q.2931 information element that identifies a layer 2 and a layer 3 protocol used by the application.
BLOB	binary large object	A generic term used to describe the handling and storage of long strings of data by database management systems. A BLOB is a category of data, characterized by large size (including media formats such as audio and video), which can place extreme demands on storage systems and network bandwidth.
Blog / Blogger BLOG	weB LOG Better Listings on Google	A blog is basically a journal that is available on the web. The activity of updating a blog is “blogging” and someone who keeps a blog is a “blogger.” Blogs are typically updated daily using software that allows people with little or no technical background to update and maintain the blog. Better Listings on Google
BLS	Basic Link Service	a Fibre Channel request and response protocol used by all devices.
BMRT	Blue Moon Rendering Tools	RenderMan-compliant photorealistic rendering systems. It was distributed as freeware
BMT	Biel Mean Time	a synonym for Internet Time. BMT is followed by a @and 3 numbers ranging from 001 to 999. The Swatch organization devised an idea to divide the 24 hour day into 1000 “beats”, often called Swatchbeats, each being 26.4 seconds in length.
BNC	Bayone-Neill-Concelman / British Naval Connector	A connector type for 10Base2 or Thin-Net networks. Shaped like the letter T, it connects coaxial cables. The “T” has two male connectors and one female connector.
BNF	Backus-Naur Form	formal meta-syntax for describing context-free syntaxes. In speech recognition, a special adaptation of grammar representation specified by Speech Recognition Control Language (SRCL)
BNI	Broadband Network Interface	Broadband Network Interface
BNOS	Brocade Network OS	Brocade OS that can converge fbre channel and IP onto a Linux core
BO / BOBJ	Business Objects	a French enterprise software company, specializing in BI. Since 2007 is part of SAP AG.
BOA	Basic Object Adapter	Software that provides CORBA-compliant services for object implementations.
BOB	Breakout Box  Business Object Broker	Also known as an EIA monitor, a breakout box serves to monitor the status of signals of the pins of an RS-232C connector or cable and allows signals to be broken, patched, or cross-connected.  SAP’s message broker for R/3.
BOC	Bell operating company	Any of the 22 original companies (or their successors) that were created from the breakup of AT&T in 1983. They were reorganized into seven Bell regional holding companies (RHCs).
BOCU-1	Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode	A Unicode compression scheme that is MIME-compatible (directly usable for e-mail) and preserves binary order, which is useful for databases and sorted lists.
BoD	Bandwidth on Demand	BoD value-added service enables you to request additional bandwidth between any two locations during heavy demand period
BOD	Business Object Document	A representation of a standard business process that flows within an organization or between organizations. BODs are defined by the Open Applications Group using XML.
BOL	Books Online	A bookstore on the Internet created as a joint venture of German publisher Bertelsmann and French publisher Havas. It is designed to be pan-European with a Web site available in various local languages. http://www.bol.com
BOM	Beginning of Message  bill of materials  Byte Order Mark	a telephony term. A short electrical pulse provided by a digital announcer when used in certain 4 wire E & M modes.  A structured list of the raw materials, parts and assemblies that constitute a product to be manufactured, often used in manufacturing and SCM systems.  The Unicode character U+FEFF when used to indicate the byte order of a text.
BONDING	Bandwidth on Demand Inter-Operability Group	An industry working group that develops common control and synchronization standards needed to manage high-speed data as it travels through the PSTN. These standards are for DS0 inverse multiplexing and switched services.
boot	bootstrap	To start a computer and load the operating system to prepare the computer to execute an application.
BOOTP	Bootstrap Protocol	A protocol – defined in Internet Engineering Task Force Request for Comment 951 – that enables a diskless client machine connected to an IP network to discover its own IP address and the address of a server running the protocol.
BOPS	Billions of Processes Per Second	Processing speed
bot / botnet	robot (network)	generally used to refer to an automated program used to process data with minimal human intervention. Most often referred to as certain types of search engines that seek out information from pages on the Internet.  A “botnet” is a network of computers that are infected with malware and then used to send spam and shut down Web sites (DDoS).
BOT	beginning of tape  build-operate-transfer	In tape storage systems, the point at the start of the tape in a cartridge. Tape cartridge load times are often measured in terms of the time to BOT.  A process used in several Asia/Pacific countries that allows foreign companies to build a telecommunications network in the country, operate it for a period and then transfer ownership to the government.
BPA	Business Process Analysis  business process automation	the business-modeling space in which business professionals and IT analysts collaborate on enterprise business architecture, aimed at transforming and improving business performance.  The automation of complex business processes and functions beyond conventional data manipulation and record-keeping activities, usually through the use of advanced technologies.
BPC	Business Planning and Consolidation	SAP NetWeaver capabilities
BPDM	Business Process Definition Metamodel	the first standard metamodel to facilitate development of service-oriented architectures within and among enterprises by unifying internal business or department processes (orchestration) with interactions between businesses or departments (choreography).
BPDU	Bridge Protocol Data Unit	parts of the STP that help describe and identify attributes of a switch port.
BPEL	Business Process Execution Language	An XML-based language for the formal specification of business processes and business interaction protocols.
BPEL4WS	Business Process Execution Language for Web Services	A set of specifications released in 2002 by IBM and Microsoft, combining previously separate efforts of the two companies. BPEL4WS is designed to enable Web services to support workflow and business process execution.
bpi	bits per inch	The density, measured in number of bits per inch, at which information can be stored on magnetic tape.
BPL	broadband over power lines	This is a technology that has never emerged successfully from many attempts since the early ’80s. It is a direct competitor with both DSL and cable connectivity and attempts the same capability over electrical transmission lines.
BPM	business process management	BPM activities seek to make business processes more effective, more efficient, and more capable of adapting to an ever-changing environment.
BPON	Broadband Passive Optical Network	BPON standards were set by the ITU-T as G.983.3 for a local loop technology running the ATM protocol over single mode fiber.
BPOS	Business Productivity Online Standard Suite	Microsoft Cloud-based services
BPP	Bluetooth Basic Printing  Bridge Port Pair  business process platform	Represents a specially-developed Bluetooth profile that allows devices to send text, e-mails, vCards, images or other items to printers based on print jobs.  Frame header information identifying a bridge/LAN pair of a Source route segment.  a combined IT and business model that enables enterprises to accommodate rapid, but controlled, business process changes through the use of integrated process composition technologies and reusable business process components in a managed environment.
BPPM	BMC ProactiveNet Performance Management	BMC’s APM solution includes both real and synthetic transaction capabilities, including a passive end user experience agent deployed as a sofware process or within a VM as a virtual appliance.
bps	Bits Per Second	Bits per second is the standard way of measuring how fast data moves across a network or phone system. For example, a 56K modem can hypothetically transfer data at 56,700 bits per second.
BPV	BiPolar Violation	the occurrence of two successive pulses of the same polarity in a bipolar signal. In T1 it is detected as an error.
BRA	Basic Rate Access	The name used in Canada and Europe for Basic Rate Interface (see BRI).
BRAN	Broadband Radio Access Networks	An ETSI project, it provides telecommunications services the middle ground between mobile systems and the wired access world
BRAS	Broadband Remote Access Server	the aggregation point for the subscriber traffic.
BRE	Business rule engines	used to automate controls, especially when business process management is implemented to standardize and automate critical regulated processes.
BREW	Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless	mobile channel technologies
BRF	Benchmark Report Format	In computer graphics, a standard format for reporting benchmark results. This format provides the purchaser with a consistent data-tracking system for comparing hardware platforms.
BRI	Basic Rate Interface	An Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) channel configuration. BRI – known as Basic Rate Access (BRA) in Canada and Europe – consists of two 64 kilobit per second (Kbps) data or voice channels, which are designated as B (bearer) channels, and one 16-Kbps signaling or packet data channel, designated as the D (delta) channel. BRI is, therefore, often referred to as 2B+D.
BROUTER	Bridge-Router	This was an early technology, which took advantage of the (relative) speed of a bridge, but also provided the capabilities of a router. The brouter was characterized by the term, “bridge when possible, route when necessary.”
BRR	Business Readiness Rating	a proposed rating system for use by open source software community.
BRZ	Bipolar Return to Zero	RZ is a bipolar signal in which each pulse returns to zero amplitude before its time period ends. This prevents the buildup of DC current on the signal line.
BS 7799	British Standard 7799	A comprehensive standard from the British Standards Institute (BSI). Formally titled the “Code of Practice for Information Security Management,” BS 7799 was significantly revised in 2000 and evolved into International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 17799
BSA	Business Software Alliance	A software industry coalition whose stated missions include industry education and copyright enforcement.
BSC	Balance Score Card  binary synchronous communication	A business performance measurement system developed by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, that provides a method of aligning business activities to the strategy, and monitoring performance of strategic goals over time.  A data-communication line protocol that uses a set of transmission control characters and control character sequences to send binary-coded data over a communication line.
BSD	Berkeley Software Distribution	the UNIX operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995
BSDI	Berkeley Software Design, Inc.	a commercial supplier of Internet and networking software based on the BSD (Berkeley) version of UNIX.
BSE	Basic Service Elements	In Open Network Architecture, BSEs are functions of the switched network. A BSE normally consists of an access link element, a features/functions element, or a transport and usage element that connects Enhanced Service Providers to their customers.
BSM	Business Service Management	a category of IT operations management software products that dynamically links the availability and performance events from underlying IT infrastructure and application components to the business-oriented IT services that enable business processes.
BSNL	Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited	a state-owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi, India. BSNL is one of the largest Indian cellular service providers and the largest land line telephone provider in India.
BSoD	Blue Screen of Death	Terminal error screen displayed by Microsoft Windows, not normally recoverable except by a reboot. Also known as a Stop Screen. A blue screen will display a STOP error code, which may give some indication as to the cause.
BSP	board support package	Part of a software package that is processor or platform dependent. Typically, sample source code for the BSP is provided by the package developer.
BSS	Base Station System  Broadband Switching System  business support system	A wireless telecommunications term. A GSM device charged with managing radio frequency resources and radio frequency transmission for a group of BTSs.  A carrier (e.g. LEC or IXC) switch for broadband communications. Such switches are capable of switching frames (Frame Relay) or cells (SMDS and ATM) at a very high rate of speed.  A category of support software and services used by telecommunications industry firms for customer records, installations, maintenance, billing and operations.
BSSID	basic service set identifier	uniquely identifies each BSS, the SSID used in multiple, possibly overlapping.
BST	binary search tree	a type of binary tree where the nodes are arranged in order: for each node, all elements in its left subtree are less-or-equal to the node (<=), and all the elements in its right subtree are greater than the node (>).
BT	BitTorrent  British Telecom  bluetooth	a P2P file sharing system that reduces dependency on the original host (or the SEED) by having everyone who downloads the file also offer it for anonymous upload to others  British Telecom.  wireless technology that allows devices to communicate at short range. A cell phone being used with a hands-free headset is one example. Sending a document between a Bluetooth-enabled laptop and printer is another.
BTAG	Beginning Tag	An ATM term. A one octet field of the CPCS_PDU used in conjunction with the etag octet to form an association between the beginning of message and end of message.
BTAM	Basic Telecommunications Access Method	a low-level programming interface specified by IBM for use on the IBM System/360 for sending and receiving data through telecommunication lines
BTO	Business technology optimization	Business technology optimization
BTM	Benchmark Timing Methodology  business transaction monitoring	In computer graphics, a method of measuring how long it takes to run the purchaser’s benchmark interchange format program.  business transaction monitoring
BTS	Bits Per Second	In data communications, bits per second (abbreviated bps) is a common measure of data speed for computer modems and transmission carriers.
BTW	By The Way	Computer jargon
BTX	Balanced Technology eXtended	ntel has collaborated with the Desktop Computing industry to create an evolutionary step in the desktop computer form factor. BTX integrates cost-effective engineering and design strategies for power dissipation, structural integrity, acoustic performance, and motherboard design into a scalable form factor.
BUS	Broadcast and Unknown Server	This server handles data sent by an LE Client to the broadcast MAC address (‘FFFFFFFFFFFF’), all multicast traffic, and initial unicast frames which are sent by a LAN Emulation Client.
BVD	Basic Virtual Disk	a VD configured using only non-hybrid RAID levels like RAID-0, RAID5 or RAID5E. Its elements are physical disks.
BW	bandwidth	The measure of the range of frequencies within a band required to transmit a particular signal. The wider the bandwidth, the more information it can carry.  Used to describe the data-carrying capacity of any given circuit or pathway. The measure of the rate at which information can be passed.
BYOD	bring your own device	a type of VoIP subscription. Subscribers who have their own VoIP device (a SIP-capable device) when signing up for a VoIP service will usually be able to take advantage of a cheaper subscription plan
	back door	A usually hidden or secret means for an external user to break into your host, network, application, or data. See also virus
	back end	the part of a computer system not directly interacting with the user.
	backbone	Backbone network is the main communication path in a WAN; the set of cables or connections that carries most of the traffic
	backhaul	The terrestrial link between an earth station and a switching or data center.
	bandwidth shaping	The process of manipulating, managing or controlling (shaping) portions of a network connection to the outside world and determining an allowed bandwidth consumption based on types of activities.
	bank	A slot or group of slots, usually on a systemboard (motherboard), that are populated by memory modules of the same capacity.  A slang term for general memory in a computer; the memory bank.
	Baud Rate	The speed at which a modem sends and receives data, e.g., 2400 bps, 9600 bps. One baud is roughly equivalent to one bit per second.
	benchmark / benchmarking	a computer program used to test the performance of a computer or a piece of software.  Measuring performance qualities (such as efficiency or spending) of enterprise organizations or processes (such IS) against comparative benchmarks.
	best-effort	Describes a network system that does not use a sophisticated acknowledgment system to guarantee reliable delivery of information.
	best practice	A group of tasks that optimizes the efficiency or effectiveness of the business discipline or process to which it contributes. Best practices are generally adaptable and replicable across similar organizations or enterprises.
	beta	Software that’s still in the testing stage not quite ready for wide release. During a beta test users report bugs back to the developers.
	bid	An attempt to gain control over a line in order to transmit data.  Usually associated with contention style of sharing a single line among several terminals.
	Big Blue	A slang name for IBM. Blue is IBM’s corporate color.
	Bilevel	A type of image containing only black and white pixels.
	Binary	A numbering system with only two values: 0 (zero) and 1 (one).
	Biometric Authentication	use biometric traits to verify users’ claimed identities when accessing devices, networks, networked applications or Web applications
	Bitcoin	digital currency that serves the same functions and purposes as money
	black box	A generic term used to identify functional equipment segments, as opposed to circuitry, that make up each segment of a telecommunications system.
	blade server	A server architecture that houses multiple server modules (“blades”) in a single chassis. It is widely used in datacenters to save space and improve system management.
	blawg	Slang term used to describe an online blog that is written by lawyers, or one that is focused on providing legal-oriented content.
	bogie	also spelled bogey, refers to a false blip on a radar display. The term is also used to describe radar echoes that occur for unknown reasons, especially in the military, where such a signal might indicate hostile aircraft.
	booking.com	Booking.com is the world’s leading online hotel reservations agency by room nights sold, attracting over 30 million unique visitors each month via the Internet from both leisure and business markets worldwide. Priceline is the parent company.  http://www.booking.com/
	Boolean	A term that originated in the in the realm of mathematics, and that is now commonly known for its application to search engine logic. A Boolean search allows for the inclusion or exclusion of documents containing certain keywords
	Bottleneck	A point at which the performance or capacity of an entire system or network can be significantly influenced. Formally, a bottleneck lies on a network or system’s critical path and provides the lowest throughput.
	bounce	The return of a piece of mail because of an error in its delivery.
	Bricks and clicks	business that existed pre-Internet that now uses e-commerce technology to sell on the Internet
	bridge	Device that connects and passes packets between two network segments that use the same communications protocol. Bridges operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI reference model.
	broadband	Broadband is another word for high-speed Internet. Because it transfers information quickly, broadband is ideal for downloading music and watching streaming videos.
	broadcast	Data packet that are sent to all nodes on a network. Broadcasts are identified by a broadcast address.
	buffer	A storage area used for handling data in transit. Buffers are used in internetworking to compensate for differences in processing speed between network devices. Bursts of data can be stored in buffers until they can be handled by slower processing devices. Sometimes referred to as a packet buffer.
	bug	An error in a piece of software that stops it from working the way that it should do.
	burn	Create a CD or DVD.
	burst	Temporary increased network loading due to a data surge or alarm avalanche
	bus	A communication pathway between the components in your computer.  Bus topology has computers connected to a strand of network cabling that is connected to network repeaters at one end and terminated at the other.
	business technology	Pervasive technology use that boosts business results.
	bypass mode	Operating mode on FDDI and token ring networks where an interface has de-inserted from the ring.

C – List of terms starting with the letter “C”

C-GREX	Chaos Game Representation Explorer	a handy Bioinformatics tool for exploring the sequence visualization and pattern analysis of biological sequences including RNA, DNA and amino acid sequences.
C++ / CPP	C Plus Plus	Object-oriented programming language based on C. Also, filename extension.
C2A	Click-to-Action	A method for implementing cooperative portlets, whereby users can click an icon on a source portlet to transfer data to one or more target portlets.
C4S	command, control, communications, and computer systems	Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organizational structures, personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications designed to support a commander’s exercise of command and control, through all phases of the operational continuum.    Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organizational structures, personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications designed to support a commander’s exercise of command and control, across the range of military operations.
C64/128	Commodore 64/128	The C64 computer to this day holds the record for being the most successful model of computer ever made with even the lowest estimates being in the tens of millions. Its big brother, the C128, was not quite as popular but still sold several million units.
C&SI	consulting and system integration	Consulting & SI job or industry
CA	Certificate Authority  Computer Associates (formerly)	a trusted third party used to create digital certificates and private/public key pairs and to guarantee that the party signing a document is the person they claim to be.  IT software market leader http://www.ca.com
CaaS	Communications as a Service	The utilization of enterprise-class communications applications and technology (such as IP telephony, contact center services and unified communications) is offered as a service.
CAC	Call Admission Control  Carrier Access Code  Connection Admission Control	The inspection and control all inbound and outbound voice network activity by a voice firewall based on user-defined policies.  Five to seven-digit number that identifies which interexchange carrier call uses. Subscribers dial these digits with each long distance call or pre-subscribe to particular carrier and let digital switch software add CAC.  the set of actions taken by the network during the call set- up phase (or during call re-negotiation phase) in order to determine whether a connection request can be accepted or should be rejected.
CAD/ CAM	Computer-Aided Design / Manufacturing	Also known by engineers and architects as the best invention of all time. Today, CAD software is used for nearly all three-dimensional designing. Designers can turn an object into an electronic representation more quickly and accurately than by diagraming it with a pencil and paper.
CAI	Common Air Interface	A standard that defines technical parameters for control and information signals passed between a radio transmitter and receiver, so that communication may take place between equipment manufactured by different companies.
CAL	Client Access License	A Microsoft software license program. The cost of clients accessing specially licensed servers. There are typically two methods of licensing access to a server or a separately-priced service. These were previously known as “Per- server or per-seat.
CALEA	Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act	This is a U.S. legal framework enabling telephone call interception in certain circumstances. Please refer to  http://www.fcc.gov/calea/ for further details.
CAM	Capital Asset Management  channel access method  computer-aided manufacturing	Oracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOne EAM solution  a protocol for how data is transmitted in the bottom two layers of the OSI model.  a type of computer application that helps automate a factory.
CAMA	centralized automatic message accounting	An automatic message accounting system that serves more than one switch from a central location.
CAMEL	Customized Application for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic	a feature of GSM that allows users to roam between networks. CAMEL is a standard that is now starting to be deployed.
CAN	Campus Area Network    cancel character  Controller–area network	a network which involves interconnectivity between buildings in a set geographic area, such as a campus, major hospital, large corporate enterprise, industrial park, or other such non-public access environment.    A control character used by some conventions to indicate that the data with which it is associated are in error or are to be disregarded.  a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer.
CAN-SPAM	Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing	a law passed by the U.S. Congress in 2003 (15 U.S.C. 7701) providing penalties for sending deceptive mass e-mails. The act required the Federal Trade Commission to investigate whether or not to establish a national Do Not E-mail registry
CAP	carrierless amplitude phase modulation	A multilevel, multiphase encoding method for transmitting data over twisted pair lines. It is a superset of the legacy protocol used by analog modems.
CAPA	CA Productivity Accelerator	a set of interactive features and functions to help ease training, navigation, use and process adoption of the product once it is live and in use in the field.
CAPE	concurrent art-to-product environment	A design approach that brings together a variety of synergistic applications, including visualization, rapid prototyping, analysis, materials selection, machining and cost estimation.
CAPI	Common Application Programming interface  Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing  Computer Assisted Programming Interface	API standard used to access ISDN equipment, equipment that use the integrated services digital network ISDN standard for the transfer of data over telephone lines.  Surveying using a computer-based questionnaire. CAPI allows the interviewer to customize the survey, so that respondents answer questions only about subjects they’re familiar with and receive questions in a random order to avoid biases.  another name for a program generator. These programs were first made in the early days of Z80 microcomputers to create programs in BASIC for people that were not programmers.
caps	capital letters	capital letters
CAPTCHA	Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart	a challenge-response system test designed to differentiate humans from automated programs.  http://www.captcha.net/
CAR	committed access rate	A metric used in network quality-of-service agreements to classify and limit customer traffic and manage excess traffic according to the network policy.
CARE	Customer Account Record Exchange	National guidelines for the formats and language used in mechanized exchanges of Equal Access-related information between Interexchange Carriers and telephone companies.
CAROT	Centralized Automatic Reporting on Trunks	A mechanized system for testing of trunks to ensure that trunks are accessible to traffic, function properly during call setup and termination, and provide a proper transmission path during a call.
CARP	Common Address Redundancy Protocol	Allows multiple hosts on the same local network to share a set of IP addresses among them
CART	command and response token	An 8-byte token that is added to write-to-operator (WTO) commands; it enables the response WTO to be associated with the command that invoked it.
CAS	centralized attendant services  channel associated signaling  Column Address Strobe  computer algebra system  Common Analysis Structure  Content-Addressed Storage	A function of a usually centrally located attendant console that permits the control of multiple switches, some of which may be geographically remote.  A method of communicating telephony supervisory or line signaling (on-hook and off-hook) and address signaling on T1 and E1 digital links.  An electrical signal that determines which column is read or written to on a DRAM chip. You must combine a column address strobe with a row address strobe to define a location on a DRAM chip.  CAS is to automate tedious and sometimes difficult algebraic manipulation tasks. more…  A structure that stores the content and metadata of a document, and all analysis results that are produced by a text analysis engine.  enables users to store and retrieve files based on a file’s name, content or unique identifier. CAS is often deployed in a scale-out RAIN architecture.
CASE	computer-aided software engineering	An umbrella term for a collection of application development tools designed to increase programmer productivity.
CAT	Communications Authority of Thailand  Computer-Assisted Translation	The exclusive operator of Thailand’s international telecommunications services to the rest of the world. In addition to telecommunications services, it provides data communications, mobile and satellite services.  Indicates the use of a series of data processing tools aimed at assisting the translator on a level of coherency (consistency) of the text and in terms of working speed
CAT n	Category n	As in Category 5 (Cat 5), 5e (enhanced), 6 or 6e copper cabling typically used in buildings to connect PCs and telephony handsets to hubs or switches. The category indicates a specific gauge of wiring.
CATI	computer-aided telephone interviewing	Technology used facilitate information gathering via phone interviews (for example, for survey purposes).
CATIA	Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application	a multi-platform CAD/CAM/CAE commercial software suite developed by the French company Dassault Systemes and marketed worldwide by IBM
CATP	Caffeine Access Transport Protocol	Common method of moving caffeine across Wide Area Networks such as the Internet . CATP was first used at the Binary Cafe in Cybertown and quickly spread world-wide.
CATS	Calling Card & Third Number Settlement	An telephone company system for ICS (intercompany settlements) processed through CMDS (Centralized Message Distribution System).
CATV	community antenna television (or Cable TV system)	Commonly known as “cable TV.” Television signals are received at a selected site and retransmitted to subscribers via a cable network. Additional channels, not normally available in that area, can also be transmitted.
CAV	Constant Angular Velocity	A method of reading (or writing) data from (or to) a spinning disk. As data is read from the disk, the drive motor always spins at the same speed.
cB	C Beautifier	A tool for tidying the syntax of source code.
CBC	cipher block chaining	A method of reducing repetitive patterns in ciphertext by performing an exclusive-OR operation on each 8-byte block of data with the previously encrypted 8-byte block before it is encrypted.
CBL	Composite Blocking List	Takes its source data from very large spamtraps/mail infrastructures, and only lists IPs exhibiting characteristics which are specific to open proxies of various sorts which have been abused to send spam, worms/viruses that do their own mail transmission
CBN	common bonding network	The set of metallic components that are intentionally or incidentally interconnected to provide the principal means for effecting bonding and grounding inside a telecommunications building.
CBQ	Class-Based Queuing	A public domain QoS methodology for classifying packets and queuing them according to criteria defined by an administrator to provide differential forwarding behavior for each traffic class
CBP	Certifed Biometrics Professional	IEEE program focuses on the relevant knowledge and skills needed to apply biometrics to real-world challenges and applications.
cbr files	Comic Book Archive	CBR files rarred file archives with their extension changed from .rar to .cbr
CBR	constant bit rate  content based routing	An ATM service category, defined by the ATM Forum, that guarantees a constant bandwidth with low delay, jitter and cell loss. Circuit emulation is a typical application.  An optional feature of the caching proxy that provides intelligent routing to back-end application servers. This routing is based on HTTP session affinity and a weighted round-robin algorithm.
CBT	Computer Based Training	A form of education in which the student learns by executing special training programs on a computer. Unlike Web-based training programs, CBT does not require an Internet connection.
CBWFQ	Class-Based Weighted Fair Queueing	Extends the standard WFQ functionality to provide support for user-defined traffic classes. For CBWFQ, you define traffic classes based on match criteria including protocols, ACLs, and input interfaces
cc	carbon copy	An option in most e-mail programs, it allows you to send duplicate copies of an e-mail message. When you type a recipient’s e-mail address in the cc field, it is viewable to everyone who receives the e-mail message .
CC	closed captioning	A service that transmits text captions for a television program and can be displayed on any modern television with a display size measuring greater than 13 inches (33 cm) diagonally.
CCA	Citrix Certified Administrator	Entry to mid level certification for IT professionals who want to “demonstrate product expertise on Citrix platform products
CCAs	composite content applications	case management and front-end access for field personnel to complex back-end applications
CCC	Clear Channel Capability	A characteristic of a transmission path in which the bit position allocated for customer data may represent any combination of zeros and ones. . Also refer to Clear Channel
CCD	Charge Coupled Device	a solid-state chip containing a series of tiny, light-sensitive photo sites and was originally developed by Honeywell . The heart of all electronic and digital cameras.
CCD+	Cash Concentration and Disbursement plus addenda	One of the primary message formats necessary for enterprise-initiated payments to traverse the U.S. national banks’ clearinghouse system. The format is limited to a single addendum record (one invoice, one payment), and many banks can process it.
CCF	call control function	The network intelligence that provides call/connection processing and control.
CCH	connections per circuit hour	A unit of traffic measurement expressed as the number of connections established at a switching point per hour.  A unit of traffic measurement used to express the rate at which circuits are established at a switch.
CCHIT	Certification Commission for Health Information Technology	A voluntary, private sector organization launched in 2004 to certify health information technology (HIT) products such as electronic health records and the networks over which they interoperate. www.cchit.org
CCI	controlled cryptographic item	Secure telecommunications or information handling equipment, or associated cryptographic component, that is unclassified but governed by a special set of control requirements.
CCIE	Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert	Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert.
CCIR	Comite Consultatif International des Radio Communications	Abbreviation of the French name for the International Radio Communications Consultative Committee, now part of the ITU.
CCIS	common-channel interoffice signaling	In multichannel switched networks, a method of transmitting all signaling information for a group of trunks by encoding it and transmitting it over a separate channel using time-division digital techniques.
CCITT	International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee	French acronym for the international standards organization. Part of the United National ITU.
CCL	Communications Control Language	a file that dialers and browsers use to control the modem connection. These files should not be changed except by the supplied editor.
CCNA	Cisco Certified Network Associate	Cisco Certified Network Associate
ccNSO	Country Code Names Supporting Organization	the policy-development body for a narrow range of global issues regarding ccTLD within the ICANN structure. ccnso.icann.org
CCOW	Clinical Context Object Workgroup	A group that defines standards for collaboration among applications on clinical workstations. Originally an independent consortium, CCOW is now technical committee of the HL7 standards organization.
CCP	Certified Computer Professional	The award for successful completion of a comprehensive examination on computers. Also Certificate in Computer Programming.
CCPM	Critical Chain Project Management	Lean methodology for doing projects
CCR	channel command retry  Cluster Continuous Replication  Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery  Continuity of Care Record  Current Cell Rate	In mainframe computing, the protocol used between a channel and a control unit that enables the control unit to request that the channel reissue the current command.  Microsoft Exchange’s capability to replicate data between clustered nodes  An International Organization for Standardization’s OSI application service element used to create atomic operations across distributed systems.  a document standard that functions as an ongoing record of a patient’s care.  The currently acceptable transmission rate for an end-system as defined by RM cells within ABR.
CCS	Centum Call Seconds  Coded Character Set  common channel signaling  Control Compliance Suite	One hundred call seconds or one hundred seconds of telephone conversation. One hour of telephone traffic is equal to 36 CCS (60 x 60 = 3600 divided by 100 = 36) which is equal to one erlang.  A character set in which each character is assigned a numeric code point.  A method of communicating telephony information and line signaling events (for example, call setup and call clearing) on a dedicated signaling channel.  Symantec’s risk management product to provide end- user organisations with the ability to properly control, and accurately maintain, key IT compliance processes.
CCSA	common control switching arrangement	An arrangement in which switching for a private network is provided by one or more common control switching systems.
CCSE	Checkpoint Certified Security Expert	Checkpoint Certification. Stage 2 after completing the CCSA
ccTLD	country code Top-Level Domain	an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country or a dependent territory.
CCTV	Closed-Circuit Television	A networked camera used for surveillance, process monitoring and other purposes.
CD	Compact Disc	An optical form of storage media, typically used for audio and software programs.
CD Table	change-data table	In SQL replication, a replication table on the Capture control server that contains changed data for a replication source table.
CDB	capacity database	capacity database
CDC	call data channel	The logical link between the device performing an electronic surveillance access function and the LEA (law enforcement agency) that primarily carries call-identifying information.
CDDI	Copper Distributed Data Interface	An American National Standards Institute specification for transmitting FDDI signals over copper media. CDDI runs on both shielded and unshielded twisted-pair cabling.
CDE	common desktop environment	popular commercial window manager (and much more — as its name touts, it is more of a desktop environment) that runs under X-Windows. Free work-alike versions are also available.
CDF	Channel Definition Format  combined distribution frame	bA way of defining the server-push channels for accessing frequently changing web content.  A distribution frame that combines the functions of main and intermediate distribution frames and contains both vertical and horizontal terminating blocks.
CDFS	compact disc file system	Controls access to the contents of CD-ROM drives. Based on the ISO 9660 Standard (but extends it to allow long and double-byte filenames).
CDH	Customer Data Hub	Oracle MDM product
CDI	client device identification  Customer Data Integration	software detecting account takeovers, new account fraud and e-commerce fraud  combination of the technology, processes and services needed to create and maintain an accurate, timely, complete and comprehensive representation of a customer across multiple channels, business lines, and enterprises.
CDMA	Code Division Multiple Access	A digital cellular phone service that offers up to 20 times more call-handling capacity than conventional cellular systems by assigning a special electronic code to each signal.
CDN	content-delivery network	A network specializing in the delivery of streaming audio and video.
CDO	care delivery organization	A category of enterprises that use healthcare information systems. CDOs are organizations, such as hospitals and physician practices, whose primary mission is to deliver healthcare-related services.
CDP	Cisco Discovery Protocol  Continuous Data Protection	Used by Cisco Routers  technology provided by NetBackup RealTime Protection captures every write at the LUN level
CDPD	Cellular Digital Packet Data	A packet data protocol standard for sending wireless data, it was developed for use on cellular phone frequencies. It transmits data in packets on unused cellular channels (in the 800MHz to 900 MHz range).
CDR	call detail recording  clinical data repository	A means of capturing telephone system information on calls made for processing into management reports. Captured information includes who made the call, where it went and what time of day it was made.  A database for storage of clinical information in a computer-based patient record
CD-R	Compact Disc—Recordable	a type of CD that can be recorded by the user. CD-Rs have the same capacity and are readable in the same drives as ordinary CDs
CD-ROM	compact disc read-only memory	A version of the standard CD intended to store general-purpose digital data. CD-ROMs can store a wide variety of data, such as music, video and graphics.
CD-RW	Compact disc-rewritable	Replacing the CD-ROM in desktop computers is the CD-RW, standing for Compact Disc Rewritable. The CD-RW lets you create backup files or make music compilations by “writing” the files on the disc.
CDS	Correlated Double Sampling	Technology to clean the image signal during scanning
CDT	C/C++ Development Tools	Eclipse subproject working towards providing a fully functional C and C++ Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the Eclipse platform
CDV	Cell Delay Variation	A QoS parameter that measures the difference between the transfer delay of a single cell transfer delay and the expected transfer delay.
CE router	Customer edge router	A router that is part of a customer network and that interfaces to a provider edge (PE) router.
CEA	Consumer Electronics Association	CEA is the industry authority on market research and forecasts; consumer surveys; legislative and regulatory news; engineering standards; training resources. http://www.ce.org
CEAP	cloud-enabled application platforms	cloud-enabled application platforms
CEBP	communication-enabled business process	key capability of UC is that it offers a method to integrate communication functions directly with business applications
CeCILL	CEA CNRS INRIA Logiciel Libre	Free Software license adapted to both International and French legal matters, in the spirit of and retaining compatibility with the GNU General Public License.
CEF	Cisco Express Forwarding  Character Encoding Form	Advanced, Layer 3 IP switching technology. It optimizes network performance and scalability for networks with large and dynamic traffic patterns  Mapping from a character set definition to the actual code units used to represent the data.
CEH	Certified Ethical Hacker	Certification in IT security issued by The International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants (EC-Council)
CEI	Common Event Infrastructure  comparably efficient interconnection	The implementation of a set of APIs and infrastructure for the creation, transmission, persistence, and distribution of business, system, and network Common Base Events.  An equal-access concept developed by the FCC..
CEIM	Common Enterprise Information Model	the ability to define actions and execute processes right from BI metadata
CELL/B.E.	Cell Broadband Engine	A breakthrough microprocessor with unique capabilities for applications requiring video, 3D graphics, or high-performance computation for imaging, security, visualization, health care, surveillance, and more.
cellphone	Cellular Telephone	A mobile, wireless telephone that communicates with a local transmitter using a short-wave analog or digital transmission.
CELP	code-excited linear prediction	An analog-to-digital voice coding scheme.
CEM	customer experience management	Aligning executive involvement, operational processes, organizational structure, and technology infrastructure to stimulate, anticipate, and satisfy customer needs.
CEMF	Cisco Element Management Framework	Collects fault information from various sources. Network elements, such as routers or switches, may report fault conditions as SNMP traps, Syslog messages
CEP	complex event processing	Sofware infrastructure that can detect patterns of events (and expected events that didn’t occur) by filtering, correlating, contextualizing, and analyzing data captured from disparate live data sources to respond as defined using the platform’s development tools.
CEPS	Common Electronic Purse Standard	A standard endorsed by Visa and American Express for electronic purse (e-purse) or stored-value applications on smart cards.
CER	Corporate Error Reporting	Tool that allows IT Administrators to manage error reports and error messages created by the Windows Error Reporting client (WER) in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003
CERN	Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire	The original, French name of the European Organization for Nuclear Research, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. A nuclear research laboratory where the World Wide Web was invented.
CERT	Computer Emergency Response Team	A group formed in 1998 by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
CES	Character Encoding Scheme Consumer Electronics Show	A CES is character encoding form plus byte serialization. There are seven character encoding schemes in Unicode: UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UTF-32, UTF-32BE, and UTF-32LE. CES is a major technology-related trade show held each January in the Las Vegas Convention Center.  http://cesweb.org/
CESID	caller’s emergency service identification	The number used to identify the calling terminal within the context of the emergency service call.
CEVA	content-enabled vertical application	CEVAs typically help to automate complex processes that previously required workers to sort through paper documents and other forms of content manually.
CF	Compact Flash	a very small removable mass storage device. First introduced in 1994 by SanDisk Corporation, CF memory Cards weigh a half ounce and are the size of a matchbook. CF memory Card is the world’s most popular removable mass storage device.
CFA	Circuit Facility Assignment  Color Filter Array	Allows Wholesale Access customers to validate the DS1/DS3 at system and channel Levels.  In digital imaging, CFAs assign a separate primary color to each pixel by placing a filter of that color over the pixel
CFB	Ciphertext feedback	a mode of operation for a block cipher. In contrast to the CBC mode, which encrypts a set number of bits of plaintext at a time, it is at times desirable to encrypt and transfer some plaintext values instantly one at a time, for which ciphertext feedback is a method.
CFM	Code Fragment Manager  Cubic Feet per Minute	the library manager and code loader for processes based on PEF (Preferred Executable Format) object files (in Carbon).  A measure of airflow, and you can use it to compare the efficiency of fans designed to cool computers or computer components.
CfMD	Certified for Microsoft Dynamics	a label for add-on products that ISV have built to expand the functionality of Dynamics
CFMN	Client For Microsoft Networks	32-bit, protected-mode network client for Windows 9x that provides the redirector and other software components for Microsoft networking
CFV	Call For Votes	Initiates the voting period for a Usenet newsgroup. At least one email address is customarily included as a repository for the votes.
CG	Computer Graphics	graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a computer.
CGA	Colour Graphics Adaptor	A computer standard using digital signals offering a resolution of 320 by 200 pixels, a palette of 16 colors.
CGI	Common Gateway Interface  Conseillers en Gestion et Informatique (french)	a set of rules for running scripts or programs on a Web server. When you submit information to a Web server, there’s a good chance that the server is using a CGI script to receive and process the data.  “Information Systems and Management Consultants” in English, IT management and business process services (BPS) company. Founded in 1976 and headquartered in Montreal, Canada www.cgi.com
CGM	Consumer-generated media	any written, audio or video content created by end users, using basic or semiprofessional tools.
CGMP	Cisco Group Multicast Protocol	A form of IGMP snooping that lets the switch send multicasts only to the ports on a VLAN that are participating in the multicast
CHAP	Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol	A security protocol used by a server to grant or deny system access based on a client-supplied password, which is encrypted prior to transmission.
Charset	character set	A set of characters used in Windows. Charsets refer to the same collections of characters as those defined by Windows code pages.
chat	conversational hypertext access technology	A form of interactive online typewritten communication that allows participants (“members”) to engage in text-message conferencing, via real-time computer networking over designated communications facilities
CHIPS	Clearing House Interbank Payments System	A clearing system that processes very large payments (valued at an average of $1.4 trillion a day) in more than 27 countries.
ChR	channel reliability	The percentage of time a channel was available for use in a specified period of scheduled availability
cHTML	Compact Hypertext Markup Language	A proprietary version of HTML adopted by NTT DoCoMo for i-mode.
CIA	confidentiality, integrity, and availability	InfoSec dimensions.
CIC	circuit identification code  Cisco Info Center  Customer Interaction Center	A 12-bit number that identifies a trunk and channel on which a call is carried.  A service-level monitoring and diagnostics tool that provides network fault and performance monitoring, trouble isolation, and real-time service-level management for large networks  Interactive Intelligence‘s all-in-one software solution includes telephony, audioconferencing, UM, rich presence with IM, business process automation.
CICS	Customer Information Control System	A software program designed to OLTP, it was developed by IBM. It is one of the most widely used programs for creating customer transaction systems.
CIDR	Classless Internet Domain Routing	A protocol that allows for variable-length addresses that allows for more- and less-specific routing information. This replaces the old class A, class B, class C routing scheme.
CIE	Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage	An organization that has established a number of widely-used color definitions. www.cie.co.at
CIFS	Common Internet File System	the file sharing protocol that forms the basis of Microsoft Windows networking. Formerly known as SMB (Server Message Block), it is also supported by UNIX and Linux systems using the Samba software package.
CIK	crypto-ignition key	device or electronic key used to unlock the secure mode of crypto-equipment.
CIM	Common Information Model Corporate Information Management Computer Integrated Manufacturing	Provides a common definition of management information for systems, networks, applications and services, and allows for vendor extensions The organizational structure must be capable of managing this information throughout … Information management is a corporate responsibility that needs to be … manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process.
CINDER	Cyber Insider Threat	program soliciting from outsiders novel techniques to insider-threat detection
CIO	chief information officer	The top executive in charge of IT in an enterprise.
CIP	Common Industrial Protocol	an open industrial protocol for industrial automation applications.
CIPA	Children’s Internet Protection Act	a law passed by Congress in 2000 (47 USC 254) requiring libraries to use blocking programs to prevent access to Internet sites with objectionable content
CiR	circuit reliability	The percentage of time a circuit was available for use in a specified period of scheduled availability.
CIR	committed information rate	The average data rate that a carrier commits to support over a given virtual circuit between two end-user sites. The commitment is over a specified period of time, typically one month.
CIS	clinical information system  CompuServe Information Service	A system used by physicians, nurses, anesthesiologists to develop patient care plans, document care and interventions, monitor and record patient vital signs, manage orders and results, document medication administration, and measure patient outcomes.  now owned by Gateway Computer. CIS has a larger international membership than other US based services. HTTP://WWW.COMPUSERVE.COM
CISC	Complex Instruction Set Computer	a computer with many different machine language instructions. The IBM PC, 68000-based Macintosh, Pentium, IBM 370 mainframe, and VAX are CISC machines.
CISO	chief information security officer	The chief executive responsible for information security in an enterprise. The CISO’s responsibilities often bridge the gap between technical security measures and security-related business practices and policies.
CISSP	Certified Information Systems Security Professional	A certification program administered by the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium
CIX	Commercial Internet Exchange	An agreeement among network providers that allows them to do accounting for commercial traffic. It is primarily a concern for network providers.
CJK / CJKV	Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (Vietnamese)	A reference to Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages. Sometimes a “V” for Vietnamese is added to the acronym.
CKD	count key data	In mainframe computing, a data-record format employing self-defining record formats
CKO	chief knowledge officer	The enterprise position responsible for articulating and championing an enterprise’s knowledge management (KM) vision, and for providing enterprise level leadership for implementing and managing the KM program
C/kT	carrier-to-receiver noise density	In satellite communications, the ratio of the received carrier power to the receiver noise power density.
CLA	Corporate License Agreement	A licensing agreement option under Novell’s “Customer Connections” program. It offers an alternative for midsize organizations that cannot qualify for Novell’s Master License Agreement.
CLASS	Custom Local Area Signaling Services	A generic term describing several local service offerings such as incoming-call identification, call trace, call blocking, automatic return of the most recent incoming call, automatic re-dial, selective call forwarding, etc.
CLEC	Competitive Local Exchange Carrier	A telephone company that competes with other local phone companies within an exchange, or calling area, to provide local telephone service
CLI	Call Level Interface  Calling Line Identification  command line interface	An API for database access that provides a standard set of functions to process SQL statements, XQuery expressions, and related services at run time.  A mechanism whereby the number originating a telephone call is passed along with the call. The information allows the called party to know who is calling. In some cases callers can withhold display of their numbers.  A user interface to an operating system or application in which the user types instructions at “command line” prompt displayed on the screen.
CLIPS	C Language Integrated Production System	Productive development and delivery expert system tool which provides a complete environment for the construction of rule and/or object based expert systems
CLLI	Common Language Location Identifier	11-character code that identifies the wire center from which a call originated.
CLM	Contract lifecycle management	an integral, back offce technology in many life science segments, including managed-care and payer organizations.
CLNP	ConnectionLess Network Protocol	The International Organization for Standardization’s OSI protocol for providing the OSI Connectionless Network Service (datagram service).
CLOB	character large object	A data type that contains a sequence of characters (single-byte, multibyte, or both) that can range in size from 0 bytes to 2 gigabytes less 1 byte.
CLR	Cell Loss Ratio  common language runtime	A QoS parameter that gives the ratio of the lost cells to the total number of transmitted cells.  The runtime interpreter for all .NET Framework applications.
CLTP	ConnectionLess Transport Protocol	Provides for end-to-end Transport data addressing (via Transport selector) and error control (via checksum), but cannot guarantee delivery or provide flow control.
CLUSRCVR	cluster-receiver channel	A channel on which a cluster queue manager can receive messages from other queue managers in the cluster, and cluster information from the repository queue managers.
CLUSSDR	cluster-sender channel	A channel on which a cluster queue manager can send messages to other queue managers in the cluster, and cluster information to the repository queue managers.
CLUT	Color LookUp Table	The color options in a graphics system, arranged by index number. Typically, the system has a default color map. The index of colors in the color map can be reallocated, however, depending on the application.
CLV	Constant Linear Velocity	A technology which revolves around (no pun intended) rotating a disk at varying speeds. By changing rotation speed depending on which track is being accessed, the density of bits in each track can be made uniform.
CMA	Circular Mil Area	A unit of area equal to the area of a circle whose diameter is 1 mil (0.001 inch). Used chiefly in specifying cross-sectional areas of conductors.
CMC	computer-mediated communication	human communication via computers and includes many different forms of synchronous, asynchronous or real-time interaction that humans have with each other using computers as tools to exchange text, images, audio and video.
CMDB	configuration management database	CMDB is a database that contains all relevant information about the components of the information system used in an organization’s IT services and the relationships between those components.
CME	Common Malware Enumeration	CME number is a unique, vendor-neutral identifier for a particular threat. The CME initiative is an effort headed by the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT), in collaboration with key organizations within the security community.
CMIP	Common Management Information Protocol	The International Organization for Standardization’s OSI network management protocol.
CMIS	common management information service  Content Management Interoperability Services	In OSI, the set of services defined by ISO 9595. The common management information service is used by agent processes and managing processes to communicate.  API support for interoperability
CMM	Capability Maturity Model	Strategy for improving the software process, irrespective of the actual life-cycle model used
CMOS	complementary metal-oxide semiconductor	a type of integrated circuit noted for its extremely low power consumption and its vulnerability to damage from static electricity. CMOS devices are used in digital watches, pocket calculators, microprocessors, and computer memories.
CMOT	CMip Over Tcp	An effort to use the International Organization for Standardization’s OSI network management protocol to manage TCP/IP networks.
CMRR	common-mode rejection ratio	The ratio of the common-mode interference voltage at the input of a circuit, to the corresponding interference voltage at the output.
CMRS	Commercial Mobile Radio Service	A radio communication service between mobile stations or receivers and land stations, or by mobile stations communicating among themselves, that is provided for profit, and that makes interconnected service available to the public.
CMS	Color management system  content management system	This ensures color uniformity across input and output devices so that final printed results match originals. The characteristics or profiles of devices are normally established by reference to standard color targets.  a web application designed to make it easy for non-technical users to add, edit and manage a website.
CMTS	cable modem termination system	a system of devices located in the cable head-end that allows cable television operators to offer high-speed Internet access to home computers.
CNA	Converged Network Adapter	a technology that supports data networking (TCP/IP) and storage networking (Fibre Channel) traffic on a single I/O adapter.
CNAM	Caller ID With Name	Caller ID With Name
CNAME	Canonical name	A host’s official name as opposed to an alias. The official name is the first hostname listed for its Internet address in the hostname database.
CNE	Certified Novell Engineer (also Certified Network Engineer)	A certification initiated by Novell to qualify certain individuals that have demonstrated high standards of knowledge in the areas of hardware used in and software configuration of the Novell Network operating system.
CNGI	China’s Next Generation Internet	Chinese: 中国下一代互联网, a five year plan initiated by the Chinese government with the purpose of gaining a significant position in the future development of the Internet through the early adoption of IPv6.
CNN	Cable News Network composite network node	Cable News Network (CNN) is a U.S. cable news channel founded in 1980 by Ted Turner.  http://www.cnn.com/ A type 5 node and its subordinate type 4 nodes that support APPN network node protocols and appear to an attached APPN or LEN node as a single network node.
CNR	Carrier to Noise Ratio  combat-net radio	An indication of the quality of the modulated signal.  A radio operating in a network that (a) provides a half-duplex circuit and (b) uses either a single radio frequency or a discrete set of radio frequencies when in a frequency hopping mode.
CO	central office	The telephone company’s centralized switching facility, where subscriber loops terminate. The CO handles a specific geographical area (known as a local exchange), identified by the first “n” digits of the local telephone number.
CoA	Care Of Address	Temporary IP Address used by a mobile user when roaming onto a foreign IP network. It is used within mobile IP and can either be leased from the HA (Home Agent) or FA (Foreign Agent)
COAM	customer owned and maintained	User provided and serviced communications equipment and its associated wiring.
coax	coaxial (cable)	Cable consisting of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor that surrounds a single inner wire conductor.
COBIT	Control Objectives for Information and related Technologies	a comprehensive approach to good IT practices. In its third revision, it offers a wide range of tools, guidelines, standards and a control framework for the management of information technologies.
COBOL	Common Business Orientated Language	Many mainframe computer applications were once written in this programming language.
COCOMO	COnstructive COst MOdel	A technique for estimating the effort and duration of a software project based on its estimated size created by Barry Boehm
COD	Call of Duty  confirm on delivery  Connection Oriented Data	Call of Duty is a first-person and third-person shooter video game series.  http://www.callofduty.com/  A feature of WebSphere MQ that allows a notification to be sent to a source application whenever a target application receives a message from the source application.  Data requiring sequential delivery of its component PDUs to assure correct functioning of its supported application, (e.g., voice or video).
CoDA	Context Delivery Architecture	an architectural style of business software that builds on SOA and event-driven architecture (EDA) interaction and partitioning styles, and that adds formal mechanisms for the software elements to discover and apply their context in real time.
CODEC	coder/decoder or compressor-decompressor	A communications device used to convert analog signals to digital form for transmission over a digital medium, and back again to the original analog form. A codec is required at each end of the channel.
COE	Component Object modEl	the fundamental class of Microsoft’s attempt to defuse the growth of Java platform-independent code.
COEs	centers of excellence	software management concept
COIN	Community Of Interest Network	A COIN provides a way of giving members of a shared-interest community access to privileged information.
COLD	computer output to laserdisc	A microfiche replacement system. COLD systems offer economies as a replacement medium when rapid or frequent access to archived documents is necessary.
colo	co-location	Putting a web server in a dedicated facility that provides high-speed Internet connection, security, environment, backup power, and technical support.  Unlike the dedicated server, the client controls both hardware and software.
com (.com)	commercial	One of several top-level domains assigned to URLs that are of a commercial nature. Other domain suffixes include .ac, .co, .mil, .gov, .net, .org, and a long list of country codes.
COM	communications port  Component Object Model  computer output to microfiche	A port that allows an application to access a modem.  A specification that Microsoft developed for building software components that can be assembled into programs or that add functionality to existing programs running on Microsoft Windows platforms.  A system (also called “computer output to microfilm”) in which digital data is converted into an image on dry-processed microfilm.
COMDEX	Computer Dealers Expo	A hardware and software exposition started in 1978, it has become the place to announce new product launches and to rub elbows with VCs and representatives from high-tech firms all over the world. In America, it takes place twice a year.
COMPAQ	COMPatibilty And Quality	Used to refer to the fact that their computers were both IBM PC compatible and very reliable. In 2002, Compaq merged with Hewlett-Packard.
COMPARE	Compliance Progress and Readiness	A scale introduced by Gartner in 1997 to assist business units, enterprises or business partners in measuring their progress toward year 2000 compliance.
COMSAT	Communications Satellite Corporation	A United States company created by an act of Congress in 1962 to provide communications via satellites. COMSAT leases satellite circuits to many American companies.
COOL	C++ Object Oriented Language	A Microsoft application development tool initiative and language; a predecessor to C#.
COOP	Continuity of Operations Plan	outlines steps that an agency will take in the event a disaster interrupts business. Continuity plans require agencies to designate functions as essential or nonessential.
COPPA	Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act	Legislation passed by the U.S. Congress in 1998 prohibiting the use of unfair or deceptive practices to gather personal information about individuals under the age of 13.
COPS	Common Open Policy Service  Communications Outsourcing and Professional Services	An IETF proposed standard defining a simple protocol for provisioning QoS by outsourcing policy-based admission control over requests for network resources  IT services in support of enterprise communications and connectivity include maintenance and support, consulting, application development, integration and ongoing management of IT and related business processes.
COR	central outdoor router	the central router in a multi-device WLAN.
CORBA	Common Object Request Broker Architecture	a standard API for distributed object communication. CORBA was created by the Object Management Group. It is the most widely used distributed object standard for connecting operating system platforms from multiple vendors. HTTP://WWW.OMG.ORG.
CORE	COMPARE Operational Readiness Evaluation	Gartner‘s CORE risk assessment and reporting steps are used to define business operational risks, to report risks to management, investors, regulators and customers in a consistent form, and to determine when contingency and recovery strategies are required.
CORS	Continuously Operating Reference Station	network managed by the U.S. ofce of National Ocean Service (NOAA) to provide GNSS data consisting of carrier phase measurements throughout the United States.
CoS	class of service	A classification method for providers to deliver different levels of QOS. Providers will typically offer a number of classes for different types of traffic, such as different COS for voice, video and data.
COS	Cloud Optimized Storage	EMC’s cloud platform Atmos
COTS	commercial off-the-shelf	Descriptive term for software that can be purchased from an external supplier, as opposed to that which is developed within the enterprise.
COW	Copy-On-Write	Part of a snapshot, and keeps track of disk changes since the snapshot was taken.
CPA	Cost Per Action	for banner ads; the fee charged every time a user completes a desired action, such as filling out a form, downloading software, or viewing a series of pages.
CPAN	Comprehensive Perl Archive Network	an archive of over 16,000 modules of software written in Perl, as well as documentation for it
cPanel	control panel	industry standard web hosting control panel, cPanel provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for many Linux system administration tasks.
CPC	Calling Party Control  Cost Per Click	A short break in the line current in the called party’s phone line when the calling party hangs up; not the same as FLASH.  Term used by affiliate programs indicating a payment rate per advertisement click. or Pay Per Click
CPE	customer premises equipment	Any telephone apparatus, including telephone handsets, PBX switching equipment, key and hybrid telephone systems, and add-on devices, that is physically located on a customer’s property.
CPF	Cloud Provisioning Fabric	portability between different clouds
cpi	characters per inch	The number of characters printed horizontally within an inch across a page.
CPLD	Complex Programmable Logic Device	A typical CPLD is the equivalent of two to 64 SPLDs. A CPLD typically contains from tens to a few hundred macrocells.
CPM	corporate performance management	CPM includes the processes used to manage corporate performance, such as strategy formulation, budgeting and forecasting; the methodologies that drive some processes, including the balanced scorecard, or value-based management.
CPN	calling party number	A set of digits and related indicators (type of number, numbering, plan identification, screening indicator, presentation indicator) that provide numbering information related to the calling party.
CPNI	Customer Proprietary Network Information	Information which is available to a telephone company by virtue of the telephone company’s basic service customer relationship.
CPOE	Computerized Provider Order Entry	a computer application that allows a physician’s orders for diagnostic and treatment services (such as medications, laboratory, and other tests) to be entered electronically instead of being recorded on order sheets or prescription pads.
CPRM	Content Protection for Removable Media	a hardware-based technology designed to enforce copy protection restrictions through built-in mechanisms in storage media that would prevent unauthorized file copying.
cps	Characters Per Second	Printing engine speed
CPS	Continuous Protection Server	Backup exec option allows administrators to continuously capture and back up data changes to allow administrators to restore data to any point in time
CPU	Call Pick Up Central Processing Unit Critical Patch Update	CPU is PABX phone systems term The CPU controls the computer, runs all the programs on the computer and processes all of the data and can be thought of as the ‘brain’ of the computer. CPU is Oracle patch term
CRACK	Challenge/Response Authentication of Cryptographic Key	a protocol for the secure exchange of keys, used by Nokia primarily.
CRC	Cyclic Redundancy Check	An error check in which the check key is generated by a cyclic algorithm
CRL	certificate revocation list	A list of certificates that have been revoked before their scheduled expiration date. Certificate revocation lists are maintained by the certificate authority and used, during a SSL handshake to ensure that the certificates involved have not been revoked.
CRLF	carriage return, line feed	a pair of ASCII codes, 13 and 10, that tell a terminal or printer to return to the beginning of the line and advance to the next line.
CRM	Customer Relationship Management	CRM refers to solutions and strategies for managing businesses’ relationships with customers. With the advent of Web retailing, companies have found it hard to develop relationships with customers since the e-commerce interface is so impersonal.
CRMB	Customer Reference Material Database	IBM term
cROI	companywide ROI	The incremental cash flow — cost savings and revenues — generated by online retail technology throughout a multichannel company.
CRR	Continuous Remote Replication	Continuous Remote Replication
CRT	Cathode Ray Tube	CRT is the technology used in traditional computer monitors and televisions. The image on a CRT display is created by firing electrons from the back of the tube
CRUD	Create, Read, Update, Delete	Used to describe access rights for data.
crypto	Cryptography	The study of decryption and encryption technologies.
CS	Computer science  Creative Suite	the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.  a Web suite text and WYSIWYG Web page editor. Core applications from Macromedia Studio have been merged with Adobe CS since CS3, including Flash, Dreamweaver, and Fireworks.  http://www.adobe.com/products/creativesuite/
CSA	cloud service agreements  Communications Streaming Architecture  Composite Services Architecture	a disclaimer of liability relating to service quality and availability; disclaimer of liability for any third-party action; and unilateral rights to limit, suspend, or terminate the service.  Directly connects the Memory Controller Hub to the network controller. With CSA-based motherboards, network data can be transferred at a much higher rate with lower latency  OASIS Open CSA, which goal is to advance the SCA and SDO families of specifications, which will simplify the development of applications having SOA.
CSC	card security code  Circuit Switched Cellular  Computer Sciences Corporation  Content Security and Control	refer to CVV2  Offers wide coverage. Used for large data transfers  An IT consulting, outsourcing and system integration firm, founded in 1959 and headquartered in El Segundo, California. http://csc.com  Cisco ASA add-in modules for anti-X features (such as URL filtering, antivirus, anti-spam and antispyware)
CSCF	call session control function	CSCF is a functional entity within IMS and part of 3GPP UMTS Reference Architecture.
CSCW	computer supported co-operative work	any technology system that relies on combinations of hardware and software resources to enable groups of people to collaborate and share technology.
CSD	Cisco Secure Desktop	allows secure VPN connections from remote PCs and offers functionality to ensure PCs meet administrator approved
CSE	custom search engine	The search engine that you create and customize using Google Custom Search.
Csel	Cable Select	This is basically Plug-and-Play ATA. You plug in your ATA/IDE hard drives, set them to CSEL (Cable Select), and they determine whether they are master or slave automatically, saving you from manual configuration.
CSFs	critical success factors	critical success factors
CSG	Communications Services Group	On May 1, 2009, TNS completed the acquisition of the CSG from VeriSign, Inc.
CSMA/CA	Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance	CSMA/CA is the medium access method used by IEEE 802.11 WLANs.
CSMA/CD	Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection	A protocol in which stations listen to the bus and only transmit when the bus is free. If a collision occurs, the packet is retransmitted after a random time-out. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD.
CSO	chief sourcing officer  Cold Start Only	An enterprise executive responsible for the implementation of successful dynamic sourcing strategies, and effecting these strategies through IT service delivery that uses an ever-changing resource pool.  In ISDN is a capability of a Network Terminator 1 (NT1)
CSP	Chip-scale packaging  Communications service providers  Crystal Server Pages	smaller “packages” for flash devices, such as FBGA and uBGA.  Communications service providers  A page that contains HTML/VB/JavaScript that is processed by the Web Component Server in the Crystal Enterprise eBusiness Framework
CSS	Cascading Style Sheet	Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously could only be defined in a page’s HTML.
CSS-P	cascading style sheet positioning	Use of a cascading style sheet to position Web page elements using pixel locations or locations relative to other elements.
CST	Consolidated Service Test	Enhances the way IBM tests and recommends maintenance packages for z/OS and OS/390 software, including the major subsystems
CSU	Certificate Signing Unit  Channel Service Unit	A tamperproof storage mechanism used by a certifying authority (CA) to store private keys.  Customer premises equipment that provides basic digital transmission at various speeds. Also AT&T unit that is part of the AT&T nonswitched digital data system.
CSV	Circuit Switched Voice  comma separated values	Support for CSV on an ISDN line allows for the placement of voice calls on an ISDN line.  Commonly used no-frills text file format used for import from and import to spreadsheets and SQL databases.
CSW	channel status word	An area in storage used to indicate the status of a device and channel involved in an I/O operation.
CT	China Telecom Contone	China Telecom Corporation Limited (Chinese: 中国电信) is a Chinese state-owned telecommunication company  An abbreviation for continuous tone. A color or greyscale image format capable of illustrating continuously varying tonal ranges, as opposed to line art.
CTCp	Client-To-Client-Protocol	a feature of some IRC clients
CTD	Cell Transfer Delay	A QoS parameter that measures the average time for a cell to be transferred from its source to its destination over a virtual channel (VC) connection.
CTI	computer-telephony integration	The intelligent linking of computers with telephony, enabling coordinated voice and data transfers to the desktop.
CTO	chief technology officer	The enterprise position responsible for managing technology infrastructure and resources, including technology deployment, network and system management, integration testing, and developing technical operations personnel.
CTP	capable to promise	A system that allows an enterprise to commit orders against available capacity, as well as inventory. These systems are evolving to include multiple sites, as well as the entire distribution network.
CTR	Click-Through Rate	Web publishers typically generate revenue from advertisers each time a visitor clicks on one of the advertisements
ctrl	control	This refers to the Control key on your keyboard, it is often used for shortcuts.
CTS	clear to send  common transport semantics	A control packet used by a destination station to indicate its readiness to receive data. A destination station responds to a Request To Send (RTS) by transmitting a CTS.  The layer of the Networking Blueprint above the transport layer that makes the services of transport providers available to the transport user.
CTT	China Tietong Telecommunications	a major state-owned basic telecommunications operator in China. Its former name was China Railcom (China Railway Communication Corporation, Limited). http://www.chinatietong.com
CTX	Commited to Excellence	CTX Technology Corporation (Commited to Excellence)
CUG	closed user group	In data communication, a group of users who can communicate with other users in the group, but not with users outside the group. A data terminal equipment (DTE) may belong to more than one closed user group.
CUoD	Capacity Upgrade on Demand	An option available on certain IBM systems that allows a customer to activate additional processor capacity when needed.
CUPS	Common Unix Printing System	Provides a portable printing layer for UNIX-based operating systems. It is developed by Easy Software Products to promote a standard printing solution and is the standard printing system in MacOS X and most Linux distributions www.cups.org
CVP	Content Vectoring Protocol	A specification developed by Check Point Software, used for content screening and antivirus checking.
CVS	Computer Vision Syndrome  Concurrent Versions System	The name for eye and vision problems experienced during computer use. People are using light therapy to combat CVS (including ultraviolet and full-spectrum wavelengths).  A programming code management system.
CVSD	Continuous Variable Slope Delta modulation	A method of digit ally encoding speech using a one- bit sample to encode the difference between two successive signal levels, usually 32,000 times a second.
CVV2 / CVC / CVC2	Card Verification Value 2 / Card Verification Code /Card Validation Code 2	The last part of the code above the signature strip on modern credit and debit cards, which is often required by online shops to verify that the card is genuine.
CYMK	cyan, magenta, yellow, black	An abbreviation denoting the traditional four-color printing process; the name derives from the four ink colors used. The majority of printed color paper and photographic documents incorporate the CMYK process.
	C	programming language developed at Bell Laboratories in the 1970s, based on the two earlier languages B (1970) and BCPL (1967).
	C#	pronounced “C sharp”, a programming language developed by Anders Hejlsberg (the developer of Turbo Pascal and Delphi) for Windows programming under Microsoft’s .NET Framework.
	Cache	Pronounced “Cash”. A temporary storage area for frequently accessed information. The cache shortens the time it takes to access this information, relieves the burden from the main memory, and increases the overall speed of applications.
	carbon neutral	also called carbon neutrality, used to describe the action of organizations, businesses and individuals taking action to remove as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as each put in to it.
	Carnivore	an Internet surveillance system developed for the U.S. FBI so that they could monitor the electronic transmissions of criminal suspects. Critics, however, charged that Carnivore did not include appropriate safeguards to prevent misuse and might violate the constitutional rights of the individual. The EPIC reported in early 2005 that the FBI had replaced Carnivore with other, unspecified surveillance software from commercial sources.
	carrier	A network operator may market any number of communication services for voice and data. Carriers offer their services to both end-customers (private or business) and other carriers. In the latter case, the service simply consists of transport capacity for long-distance traffic.
	Cascade	A method of connecting circuits together in series to make the output of one, the input of the next. This kind of end-to-end connectivity is useful in extending the distance of a network.  A method of displaying several windows of information on a monitor.
	CE	CE-marking is a European Union regulatory community sign. It symbolizes the compliance of the product with all essential requirements relating to safety, public health, consumer protection.  http://www.eurunion.org/
	Centrex	A service provided from a reserved section of the main public exchange that has been reprogrammed to act as if it were the exclusive PBX of an individual user, in other words a ‘virtual’ PBX.
	certificate	Digital representation of user or device attributes, including a public key, that is signed with an authoritative private key.
	Channel Bank	Channel terminal equipment used for combining (multiplexing) channels on a frequency-division or time-division basis.
	chip	a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material
	Chrome	a powerful Google browser that loads Web pages quickly and accurately. www.google.com/chrome
	cipher	A cryptographic algorithm used to encrypt data that is unreadable until converted into plain data with a predefined key.
	clear channel	A channel that uses out-of-band signaling (as opposed to in-band signaling), so the channel’s entire bit rate is available.
	cloud computing	Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. These services are broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).
	cluster	process of connecting multiple servers together in order to provide greater overall system availability, performance, and capacity for your server platforms.
	compiler	A software-development tool that translates high-level language programs into the machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understand and execute.
	Computer-Brain Interface	interpret distinct brain patterns, shifts and signals as commands that can be used to guide a computer or other device.
	concurrent	A way to measure the usage of software licenses. Rather than limiting usage based on the number of people who are entitled to use the software, a concurrent-use license places a limit on the number of people who may do so simultaneously.
	Convergence	The consolidation of all communications – voice, data and video – onto a single network infrastructure.
	Cookie	a piece of information sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and to send back to the Server whenever the browser makes additional requests from the Server.
	Craigslist	Craigslist is a centralized network of online communities featuring free online classified advertisements, with sections devoted to jobs, housing, personals, for sale, services, community, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums.  http://www.craigslist.org/
	Cut-through	Technique for examining incoming packets where Ethernet switch looks only at first few bytes of packet before forwarding or filtering it. Faster than looking at whole packet but allows some bad packets to be forwarded.
	Cursor	The representation of the mouse on the screen. It may take many different shapes. Example: I-beam, arrow pointer, and hand.

D – List of terms starting with the letter “D”

E – List of terms starting with the letter “E”

F – List of terms starting with the letter “F”

G – List of terms starting with the letter “G”

H – List of terms starting with the letter “H”

I – List of terms starting with the letter “I”

J – List of terms starting with the letter “J”

K – List of terms starting with the letter “K”

L – List of terms starting with the letter “L”

M – List of terms starting with the letter “M”

N – List of terms starting with the letter “N”

O – List of terms starting with the letter “O”

P – List of terms starting with the letter “P”

Q – List of terms starting with the letter “Q”

R – List of terms starting with the letter “R”

S – List of terms starting with the letter “S”

T – List of terms starting with the letter “T”

U – List of terms starting with the letter “U”

V – List of terms starting with the letter “V”

W – List of terms starting with the letter “W”

W3C	World Wide Web Consortium	An organization formed in 1994 to promote the Web’s evolution as a platform for information, commerce and communication. The W3C, which has more than 500 member organizations, has developed XML and a variety of XML-related specifications.
WAA	Wide Area Adapter	An adapter connecting to a WAN.
WAAS	Wide Area Augmentation System	a collection of satellites and ground stations that send out GPS signal corrections to provide increased position accuracy.
WAB	Windows Address Book	Filename extension by Microsoft
WAC	Wholesale Applications Community	Wholesale Applications Community
WACK / WAK	Wait acknowledgement	This means the receiving station is not ready to receive the ACK.
WADS	write-ahead data set	A data set containing log records that reflect completed operations and are not yet written to an online log data set.
WAE	Wireless Application Environment	the top most level in the WAP suite, which combines both the WWW and Mobile Telephony technologies.
WAF	Web application firewall	Attacks against Web-based applications, as well as PCI requirements to address Web application security
WAI-ARIA	Web Accessibility Initiative – Accessible Rich Internet Applications	a draft technical specification published by the World Wide Web Consortium that specifies how to increase the accessibility of dynamic content and user interface components developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript and related technologies.
WAIS	Wide Area Information Servers	Developed in the early 1990s WAIS was the first truly large-scale system to allow the indexing of huge quantities of information on the Web, and to make those indices searchable across networks such as the Internet. WAIS was also pioneering in its use of ranked (scored) results where the software tries to determine how relevant each result it.
WAL	wats access line	A line class marked as a WATS line, provided from an equal access end office. The WATS access line provides the same service and features as a normal business line.
WALE	wats access line extension	A WAL provided to a customer served by an end office which has not been converted to equal access through an end office which has been converted.
WAMP	Windows, Apache, Mysql, PHP (or Perl or Phyton)	Web applications platform
WAN	Wide-area Network	Used to distinguish the broader telecommunication structure from a local area network (LAN). A wide area network may be composed entirely of private structures, but the term seems to also connote the inclusion of public networks and all kinds of transmission media.
WAP	Wireless Application Protocol	WAP is a set of specifications developed by the WAP Forum for efficient communication of data over wireless networks to small devices, such as personal digital assistants and cell phones. We’re not talking Cardi B’s WAP.
WARIA	Workflow And Reengineering International Association	The charter of the WARIA is to identify and clarify issues that are common to users of workflow, electronic commerce and those who are in the process of reengineering their organizations. See also  http://www.waria.com/
WAS	Web Application Server	Web Application Server
WATS	Wide Area Telecommunications/Telephone Service	Long distance service provided by various carriers that includes both intrastate and interstate service for outgoing and incoming (800) calls. WATS provides a bulk savings plan for companies with a high volume of toll calls, such as telemarketing.
WAVE	Wide Area Virtualization Engine	Cisco’s engine perform WAN optimization focused on Layer 4 to Layer 7 (application layer) and host Windows Services through virtualization components at the branch
WBEM	Web-Based Enterprise Management	An initiative started by BMC software, Compaq, Cisco, Intel and Microsoft in 1996 and accepted by the Desktop Management Task Force (now known as the “Distributed Management Task Force”) in 1998.
WBMP	Wireless BitMaP	a graphic format optimized for mobile computing devices. A WBMP image is identified using a TypeField value, which describes encoding information
WCF	Windows Communication Foundation	Set of .NET technologies for building and running connected systems
WCS	Web customer service  Websphere Commerce Server	WCS framework consists of Knowledge base for self-service, E-mail response management, web chat, Collaborative browsing and Multichannel interaction recording.  IBM Software platform framework for e-commerce, including marketing, sales, customer and order processing functionality in a tailorable, integrated package
WD	Western Digital	An industry leader in the disk drive and drive controller industry. http://www.westerndigital.com
WDDM	Windows Display Driver Model	The graphics driver model supported by Windows Vista that’s required for display of the full Aero Glass effects.
WDDX	Web Distributed Data Exchange	an XML based technology that facilitates complex data exchange between Web programming languages (ColdFusion, Perl, ASP, Java, JavaScript, PHP, and others).
WDF	Windows Driver Foundation	Strategy for the next generation of Windows drivers. WDF defines a single driver model that supports the creation of object-oriented, event-driven drivers for either kernel mode or user mode
WDM	Wavelength Division Multiplexing	Optical transmission technique in which two or more wavelengths, are combined for transmission over a single optical fiber. At the receiving end, the wavelengths are separated and directed to separate receivers.
WDOG	Watchdog protocol	provides constant validation of active workstation connections and notifies the NetWare operating system when a connection may be terminated as a result of lengthy periods without communication
WDS	Wireless Distribution System	a technology that enables access points to communicate with one another in order to extend the range of a wireless network. WDS is appearing in 802.11g-based access points.
WDT	watchdog timer	a 16 bit counter that resets the processor when it rolls over to zero. The watchdog timer is a fail-safe mechanism that intervenes if a system stops functioning or in case of a code crash.
WebCam	WEB CAMera	kind of cheap TV camera which you can use for videoconferencing over the internet, or just showing off
WebDAV	Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning	A set of extensions to the HTTP protocol that allows multiple users to not only read but also to add, delete, and change documents residing on a web server.   In order to use WebDAV you need WebDAV client software to connect to a HTTP server that has the WebDAV extensions installed.
webinar	(web seminar)	a group of people viewing a seminar presented over the Web
WEEE	Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment	European Union directive (2002/96/EC) making manufacturers responsible for financing the recycling of end-of-life equipment.
WEP	Wired Equivalent Privacy	WEP: wireless feature used to encrypt and decrypt data signals transmitted between Wireless LAN (WLAN) devices. An optional 802.11 feature (see 802.11), WEP provides data confidentiality equivalent to that of a wired LAN that does not employ advanced cryptographic techniques to enhance privacy.
WES	Websense Email Security	Websense SEG product
WFM	Wired For Management Baseline	An Intel hardware specification for easier management of desktop PCs in a networked environment.
WfMC	WorkFlow Management Coalition	Non-profit, international organization of workflow vendors, users, analysts and university/research groups. See also  http://www.wfmc.org/
WFO	workforce optimization	solution to improve operational efficiency and drive interaction effectiveness
WFQ	weighted fair queuing	Congestion management algorithm that identifies conversations (in the form of traffic streams), separates packets that belong to each conversation, and ensures that capacity is shared fairly between these individual conversations. WFQ is an automatic way of stabilizing network behavior during congestion and results in increased performance and reduced retransmission.
WGA	Windows Genuine Advantage	WGA is a program that investigates Windows -based computers to be sure that their copy of the Windows OS is legitimate. The system checks the OS version, the product key, the license key, the hard disk serial number and other information about the hardware and software in the computer.
WHISPER	Windows Highly Intelligent SPEech Recognition	Windows Highly Intelligent SPEech Recognition
WHQL	Windows Hardware Quality Lab	A Microsoft group that provides and manages testing programs to ensure that your hardware and drivers qualify for the Windows Logo Program (WLP).
WIA	Windows Image Acquisition	Standardized API for acquiring digital images from devices that are primarily used to capture still images and for managing these devices
WiBro	Wireless Broadband	a wireless broadband internet technology being developed by the Korean telecoms industry.
WIC	Wan Interface Card	Wan Interface Card of Cisco router
Wi-Fi	Wireless Fidelity	It is pretty much a rip-off of the term “Hi-Fi,” or High Fidelity, which refers to high-quality audio or surround sound. Wi-Fi refers to wireless network components that are based on one of the Wi-Fi Alliance’s 802.11 standards.
wiki	What I Know Is	Typically used to describe a collaborative (or community) project allowing visitors to edit webpages and add content for the benefit of the group or community. Relevant Links: * http://en.wikipedia.org/ – Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Possibly the best known WIKI.
WiMax	World Interoperability for Microwave Access	also known as IEEE 802.16 — is an emerging global broadband wireless standard; a large number of companies back standardization and certification work through the WiMAX Forum.
WIMPS	windows, icons, menus, pointers, scroll bars	A style of graphical user interface originally developed by Xerox, popularized by the Apple Macintosh and adopted by Microsoft for Windows.
WINE	Wine Is Not an Emulator	Windows Emulator for Unix platforms
WinFS	Windows Future Storage	the code name for a data storage and management system based on relational databases, developed by Microsoft and first demonstrated in 2003
Winkey	Windows key	Akey marked with the Microsoft Windows logo and found on some PC keyboards. It provides a shortcut to some Windows menus
WINS	Windows Internet Name Service	A system that determines the IP address associated with a particular network computer. This is called name resolution.
Winsock	Windows sockets	files that allow Windows programs to connect to the Internet and other computers.
Wintel (slang)	Windows and Intel	The hardware and software combination of an Intel CPU running Microsoft Windows. Often used with the word “platform” in opposition to the UNIX or Macintosh platforms. Sometimes used in a derogatory sense to connote the monopoly powers that Intel and Microsoft yield.
WIPO	World Intellectual Properties Organization	an UN organization, based in Geneva, Switzerland, formed for the purpose of promoting the protection of intellectual property copyrights worldwide through treaty agreements between all participating countries.  http://www.wipo.org/
WLAN	wireless LAN	A LAN communication technology in which radio, microwave or infrared links take the place of physical cables. Three physical media types of WLAN are available. The first two — direct-sequence spread spectrum (see DSSS) and frequency-hopping spread spectrum (see FHSS) — are based on radio technologies that are not interoperable.
WLL	wireless local loop	A wireless connection of a wireless phone or other device in a home or office to a fixed network. WLL systems are point-to-multipoint radio-based products used to provide fixed wireless access to networks and services.
WMI	Windows Management Instrumentation	Microsoft’s implementation of Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM), which is an industry initiative to develop a standard technology for accessing management information in an enterprise environment
WML	Website Meta Language	Free and extensible Webdesigner’s off-line HTML generation toolkit for Unix, distributed under the GNU General Public License. See also  http://thewml.org/
WML	Wireless Markup Language	An XML-based markup language, designed for specifying the content and user interfaces of narrowband wireless devices, such as pagers and cellular phones.
WMOS	Warehouse Management for Open Systems	Manhattan Associates WMS offering, which includes Manhattan’s other supply chain solutions, such as transportation, distributed order management, replenishment and planning.
WMP	Windows Media Player	Microsoft Windows Media Player is a famous digital media player and media library program,, now windows media player 11.
WMS	warehouse management system	WMS is a software application that supports the day-to-day operations in a warehouse. WMS programs enable centralized management of tasks such as tracking inventory levels and stock locations. WMS systems may be standalone applications or part of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system.
WOA	Web-oriented architecture	an architectural substyle of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and is based on the representational state transfer (REST) architectural principles off the World Wide Web
WOL	Wake On LAN	The ability of a network card to wake up a PC that is powered down or on standby (i.e. sleep or suspected), when a wake-up message is received across the LAN.
WORM	write once, read many	A storage medium on which information can be recorded once and read many times. Most optical storage technologies use WORM media, in contrast to magnetic media (such as tape), which can be re-recorded.
WOS	Wireless Office Systems	a technology that allows the user to transfer calls to a mobile telephone.
WOSA	Windows Open Service Architecture	An architecture and set of application programming interfaces that position Windows as a universal client. It standardizes the interfaces that developers can use in accessing underlying network services.
WOW	World of Warcraft World Organization of Webmasters	A very popular MMORPG where users can take on fantasy avatars and play together to attack different enemies in a very detailed and extensive virtual world. sponsors several web-related certifications and provides widely accepted certification standards.
WOW!	(formerly) WideOpenWest	cable provider in the U.S.  http://www.wowway.com/
WPA	Wi-Fi Protected Access	WPA is a security protocol designed to create secure Wi-Fi networks. It is similar to the WEP protocol, but offers improvements in the way it handles security keys and the way users are authorized.
WPAD	Web Proxy AutoDiscovery	an Internet protocol that enables a Web browser to automatically connect to a cache server (or proxy server) location in a network in order to retrieve stored Web pages at a quicker rate than having to leave the network
WPAR	Workload PARtition	Feature introduced with the IBM AIX® Version 6.1 operating system. It allows running applications to move between System p machines or System p logical partitions (LPARs)
WPF	Windows Presentation Foundation	New window system that comes pre-installed on Microsoft Windows Vista
WPLO	Warranty Parts/Labor/Onsite	There are three components of HP Standard Warranty, specifically Parts, Labor and Onsite. There are variations depending on the model, e.g. some models include 1/1/1 (One year Parts, One year Labor, One year Onsite) or 3/3/0 (Three years Parts, Three years Labor and no onsite; pick up and return only).
wpm	Words Per Minute	Speech recognition processing power
WPN	Worldwide Port Name	A unique 16-character identifier assigned to each port on a Fibre Channel card. Used in LUN mapping.
WQUXGA	Wide Quad Ultra eXtended Graphics Array	a display standard referring to a video adapter capable of a resolution of up to 3840 by 2400 pixels.
WRC	World Radiocommunication Conference	An ITU conference held every two or three years, to review and amend the international radio regulations.
WRED	Weighted Random Early Detection	Combines IP precedence and Random Early Detection capabilities to provide differentiated performance characteristics for different classes of service
WRS	Wind River Systems	The company that developed the VxWorks real-time operating system. Since its acquisition of competitor Integrated Systems (developers of pSOS) in 2000, Wind River has been the dominant player in the RTOS marketplace. http://www.wrs.com
WRT	Weighted Risk Trend	A weighted risk score measured over time
WS-Secuirty	Web Services Security	OASIS Standard specifies how SOAP messages can have their integrity and confidentiality ensured.
WSC	Windows Security Center	A central interface in the Windows Vista system for user to manage security features and handle security problems. Windows Service Hardening – A new security feature in Windows Vista that protects services from being compromised by running them under more limited accounts.
WSD	white space device	FCC-certified wireless device that can be used without an exclusive broadcast license in the RF spectrum below 700 MHz
WSE	Web Services Enhancements	Add-on to Microsoft Visual Studio .NET and the Microsoft .NET Framework providing developers the latest advanced Web services capabilities to keep pace with the evolving Web services protocol specifications
WSJ	Wall Street Journal	WSJ is an American English-language international daily newspaper. It is published in New York City by Dow Jones & Company. http://www.wsj.com/
WSFC	Windows Server Failover Clustering	Windows Server Failover Clustering
WSP	Web Standards Project  Wireless Session Protocol	a collective project and effort of Web developers, tool developers, and end users whose goal is to stop the fragmentation of the web by persuading the browser makers that common standards are in everyone’s best interest.  provides the upper-level application layer of WAP with a consistent interface
WSS	Windows Sharepoint Services	Windows 2003 integrated portfolio of collaboration and communication services designed to connect people, information, processes, and systems both within and beyond the organizational firewall
WTG	Wily Transaction Generator	CA APM’s synthetic transaction generator used to simulate transactions
WTL	Windows Template Library	Library for developing Windows applications and UI components. It extends ATL (Active Template Library) and provides a set of classes for controls, dialogs, frame windows, GDI objects, and more
WTLS	Wireless Transport Layer Security	the security level for WAP applications. Based on TLS v1.0 (a security layer used in the Internet, equivalent to Secure Socket Layer 3.1), WTLS was developed to address the problematic issues surrounding mobile network devices
WTX	Workstation Technology eXtended	A size (max 16.75″x14″ — 425mm x 356mm, LxW) and form factor specification for motherboards. See also http://www.wtx.org
WUS	Windows Update Services	Relevant links: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/wsus/default.aspx
WVA	Wide Viewing Angle	The aspect ratios of each are 16:10 (widescreen).
WWAN	wireless wide-area network	wireless wide-area network
WWN	World wide name	A unique number assigned by a recognized naming authority that identifies a connection or a set of connections to the network.
WWNN	worldwide node name	A unique 64-bit identifier for a host containing a fibre-channel port.
WWPN	worldwide port name	A unique 64-bit identifier associated with a fibre-channel adapter port.
WWW	World Wide Web	A facility developed for the internet, but also used on virtual private networks, which enables network servers to be set-up and registered. These servers contain Hypertext which when clicked on by a user will point them to other network files containing further, related information.
WYSIWYG	what you see is what you get	pronounced wiz-ee-wig, user interface that presents a screen image that closely matches the appearance of the printed document – like Microsoft’s FrontPage® web page editor and Adobe Dreamweaver.
WZC	Wireless Zero Configuration	also known as Wireless Auto Configuration, or WLAN AutoConfig is a wireless connection management utility included with Microsoft Windows XP and later operating systems
	warez	General term used to describe cracks, patches, keys, key generators or other methods that allow software applications to be used without paying a license fee, i.e. illegal pirate software.
	Warm Boot	Rebooting the system by using a software command rather than turning the power off, then on. The system is reset but power is never interrupted
	wavelength	The distance between the crests of a wave in a radio signal, measured as the speed of light divided by the frequency in Hz.
	Web 2.0	A set of technologies and applications that enable efficient interaction among people, content, and data in support of collectively fostering new businesses, technology offerings, and social structures.
	Web analytics	The use of a range of quantitative analyses to understand Web site performance and visitor experience. These analyses include usage levels and patterns on an individual and aggregate level.
	webmaster	the person who has principal responsibility for maintaining a site on the WORLD WIDE WEB and updating some or all of the WEB PAGEs
	WebOS	a mobile operating system developed by Palm for its Pre range of smartphones. With Palm’s acquisition by HP in 2010, WebOS is now being expanded to address other devices, notably tablets, but also printers.
	Webquest	A webquest is an inquiry-based learning instructional strategy utilizing information on the internet to guide learners. For information on developing webquests and sample webquests, see  http://webquest.org/
	white book	This is the fourth major extension to the audio CD standard. White Book is a very medium-specific format.
	white label	product or service is a product or service produced by one company (the producer) that other companies (the marketers) rebrand to make it appear as if they made it. Common in Telco wholesale.
	white list	List of approved or trusted people or vendors or items etc.
	WHOIS	This is an Internet service that finds information about a domain name or IP address. HTTP://WWW.WHOIS.NET
	widget	An HTML-based program that runs in the Dashboard layer of the system.
	Wikipedia	The world’s largest online encyclopedia, which can be edited by anyone at all. www.wikipedia.org
	wikis	A wiki is a simple collaborative system for creating and maintaining hyperlinked collections of Web pages. A wiki usually enables users to add or change pages “in context” without having to worry about where and how the content is physically stored.
	WildList	The WildList has been used as a ‘reference standard’ by many antivirus testing organizations that require 100% detection of acknowledged ‘in the wild’ viruses for tested products to attain various, ‘desirable’ certification levels.
	wireless power (supply)	facilitates the charging or direct powering of electrical and electronic equipment using inductive or radio frequency (RF) energy transfer.
	wolfpack	The codename for Microsoft’s clustering solution. Wolfpack was released in September, 1997 as part of Windows NT 4.0, enterprise Edition. Its official name is MSCS.
	wraps	An online distribution platform for financial advisors.
	write lock	The process of controlling a field so that the ability to change information held within it is maintained. In almost all computer languages, a type of table is used.
	Write-protected	A write-protected file has been set so that it cannot be altered or deleted without first removing the write protection. Also called read-only.

X – List of terms starting with the letter “X”

X3D	Extensible 3D Graphics	an XML file that is used to hold three-dimensional graphical data.
x86	8086 processor	These include the 286, 386, 486, and 586 processors. As you can see, the “x” in x86 stands for a range of possible numbers. Technically, x86 is short for 80×86 since the full names of the processors are actually 80286, 80386, 80486, and 80586. The “80” is typically truncated to avoid redundancy.
XaaS	anything as a service	anything as a service
XACML	Extensible Access Control Markup Language	open standard XML-based language designed to express security policies and access rights to information for Web services, DRM, and enterprise security applications.
XAF	eXpressApplication Framework	a modern and powerful application framework allowing simultaneous ASP.NET and WinForms development. product of www.devexpress.com
XAMPP	Cross-platform/Apache/MySQL/PHP/Perl	An application stack which includes MySQL, Apache, PHP, and Perl.
XBL	XML Binding Language	document used to associate executable content with an XML tag. It is itself an XML file, and is used most frequently (although not exclusively) in conjunction with XUL.
XBMC	XBox Media Center	Media player for the original Xbox game-console. XBMC can play music and videos, display images and launch Xbox games from the Xbox’s DVD drive, its internal hard drive, a local network, USB flash drive, and the internet
XBRL	Extensible Business Reporting Language	a language for business financial data using XML-style tags. For more information, see www.xbrl.org.
XCP	eXtended Copy Protection	Rootkit-based copy protection scheme
XDCC	Xabi DCC or eXtended DCC	a script written in 1994 for ircII[1] by Xabi. This script extends the ircII DCC command.
XDO	extended data object	In an application program, a generic representation of a stored complex multimedia object that is used to move that object in to, and out of, storage. XDOs are most often contained within DDOs.
XDE	eXtended Development Experience	As in IBM Rational Software’s XDE product
XDR	eXternal Data Representation	Standard for machine-independent data structures developed by Sun Microsystems.
XDM	X Display Manager	A program supplied with the OpenWindows interface that manages X displays
xDSL	x digital subscriber line	Generic term for a variety of digital subscriber line techniques that allow wide and narrowband signals to be sent down normal telephone wires.
XE	Express Edition	Oracle Database XE is an entry-level, small-footprint database based on the Oracle Database
XFDL	Extensible Forms Description Language	An open protocol for creating, filling in, and reading complex business forms and legal contracts on the Internet and intranets. XFDL, based on XML, was developed because HTML is not suitable for representing auditable business forms.
XFN	XHTML Friends Network	A simple way to represent human relationships using hyperlinks. XFN enables web authors to indicate their relationship(s) to the people in their blogrolls simply by adding a ‘rel’ attribute to their ‘a href’ tags.
xfr	transfer	An abbreviation used in data communications.
XGA	Extended Graphics Array	A high-resolution video display mode that provides screen pixel resolution of 1,024 by 768 in 256 colors, or 640 by 480 in high (16-bit) color.
XHR	XmlHttpRequest	API that can be used by JavaScript, JScript, VBScript and other web browser scripting languages to transfer and manipulate XML data to and from a web server
XHTML	Extensible Hypertext Markup Language	XHTML is a spinoff of the HTML used for creating Web pages. It is based on the HTML 4.0 syntax, but has been modified to follow the guidelines of XML, the Extensible Markup Language. Therefore, XHTML 1.0 is sometimes referred to as HTML 5.0.
XID	exchange identification  exchange station ID	Request and response packets exchanged prior to a session between a router and a Token Ring host. If the parameters of the serial device contained in the XID packet do not match the configuration of the host, the session is dropped.  In communications, a data link command or response for recognizing the primary station and a secondary station.
XIL	X Imaging Library	The XIL is a platform programming interface for imaging and video support
XLF	Extensible Log Format	A log format based on XML, designed to be extensible and universal.
XLL	Extensible Linking Language	second part of the W3C’s XML specification concerning hyperlinks. An XML extension used to insert links that can point directly to a specific object (image, title, word, etc.) into a page.
XLS	eXceL Spreadsheet	Microsoft Excel File name extension
XMCL	Extensible Media Commerce Language	an XML-based language designed to support the business of delivering digital content (music, etc.) over the Internet. For more information, see www.xmcl.org.
XMI	XML Metadata Interchange	a proposed use of the XML that is intended to provide a standard way for programmers and other users to exchange information about metadata
XML	Extensible Markup Language	define documents with a standard format that can be read by any XML-compatible application. The language can be used with HTML pages, but XML itself is not a markup language. Instead, it is a “metalanguage” that can be used to create markup languages for specific applications.
XMLC	eXtensible Markup Language Compiler	Converts a HTML or XML document to a Java class
XMLRPC	XML Remote Procedure Call	A protocol for client–server communication that sends and receives information “on top of” HTTP. The data sent and received is in a particular XML format specifically designed for use with XMLRPC.
XMP	eXtensible Metadata Platform	Provides Adobe applications and workflow partners with a common XML framework that standardizes the creation, processing, and interchange of document metadata across publishing workflows
XMPP	eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol	IETF’s formalization of the core protocols created by the Jabber community in 1999. See also  http://www.xmpp.org/
XMS	Extended Memory Specification  Xirrus Management System	a procedure used to access “high” memory in DOS.  provides centralized configuration and RF management, security control and policies (IDS/IPS), performance monitoring, and reporting for hundreds of Arrays across a Layer 3 network.
xmt	transmit	the method of sending data to an alternate computer or device.
XNI	Xerces Native Interface	Framework for communicating a “streaming” document information set and constructing generic parser configurations.
XNRL	Xml Namespace Related-resource Language	HTML-based markup language designed to contain a human-readable description of an XML namespace as well as pointers to multiple resources related to that namespace
XNS	Xerox Network Systems	The suite of internet protocols developed by the Xerox Corporation; generally used by larger systems using IBM operating systems.
XO	crystal oscillator	An oscillator in which the frequency is controlled by a piezoelectric crystal.
XOFF	Transmitter off	An abbreviation for the ASCII transmission-control character
XoIP	Anything Over IP	Refers to any form of data transmitted over a TCP/IP network. XoIP is used when describing Voice/SIP Over Cable, Voice/SIP over Ethernet, Voice/SIP over Wireless, Streaming Video Over IP, etc, or anything over IP.
XON	Transmitter on	An abbreviation for the ASCII transmission-control character meaning “Transmitter on.”
XOP	Xml-binary Optimized Packaging	A mean of more efficiently serializing XML Infosets that have certain types of content
XOR	exclusive-OR gate	a logic gate whose output is 1 when one but not both of its inputs is 1
XP	eXPerience  Extreme Programming	version 5.1 of Microsoft Windows  a software engineering methodology which is intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements.
XPath	XML Path Language	A language used to create addresses mapping the various parts of XML document. XPath gets its name from its use of a path notation (as used in Internet URLs) for navigating through the hierarchical structure of an XML document.
XPFE	Cross Platform Front End	A suite of technologies used to create applications that will work and look the same on different computer operating systems. A widely used XPFE application is the Mozilla web browser and its derivities, such as the Netscape web browser in version 7 and later.
xPGK	xPEERience gatekeeper/proxy	A commonly used VoIP solution in Russia. RGC, owner and operator of RHINOTEL, bought xPGK to bring together various H.323 based gateways by different manufacturers.
XPL	Carrier Private Line	A telephony slang abbreviation
XPLINK	Extra Performance Linkage	A type of call linkage that can improve performance in an environment of frequent calls between small functions.
XPS	Xml Paper Specification	Paginated representation of electronic paper described in an XML-based format
XQL	XML Query Language	a way to locate and filter the elements (data fields) and text in XML document. XML files are used to transmit collections of data between computers on the Web.
XRC	extended remote copy	In z/OS and S/390 environments, a hardware- and software-based, remote-copy, service option that provides an asynchronous volume copy across storage subsystems for disaster recovery, device migration, and workload migration.  A function of a storage server that assists a control program to maintain a consistent copy of a LVOL on another storage facility.
XRE	Xul Runtime Engine	Now renamed in XULRunner, is a Mozilla runtime package that can be used to bootstrap XUL+XPCOM applications that are as rich as Firefox and Thunderbird.
XrML	Extensible Rights Markup Language	an XML-based language for specifying rights and conditions associated with digital content or services. For more information, see www.xrml.org.
XRST	extended restart	An IMS/ESA system service call that can request that a program restarts normally or from a specific checkpoint ID, a time/date stamp, or (BMPs only) the last checkpoint issued.  A restart, initiated by a DL/I call, that reestablishes database positioning and user-specified areas.
XSD	Xml Schema Definition	XML-based grammar for describing the structure of XML documents. A schema-aware validating parser can validate an XML document against an XSD schema and report any discrepancies
XSL	extensible Stylesheet Language	a set of language technologies for defining XML document transformation and presentation
XSLT	eXtensible Style Language Transformation	the language used in XSL style sheets to “interpret” XML coding and display it in a language the viewer will understand.
XSS	Cross-Site Scripting	a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications which enable malicious attackers to inject client-side script into web pages viewed by other users
XT	crosstalk  Extended Technology	Undesired coupling of a signal from one circuit, part of a circuit, or channel, to another.  The first IBM PC to have a hard disk. It came out in 1983. It had an Intel 8088 microprocessor, 128KB of RAM, and a 10MB hard drive.
XTI	UNIX Transport Layer Interface	Layer 4 transport layer, standardized under UNIX
XTM	Extensible Threat Management	next generation of UTM, integrated network security appliances.
XTP	Extreme transaction processing	an application style aimed at supporting design, development, deployment, management and maintenance of distributed transaction processing (TP) applications, characterized by exceptionally demanding performance, scalability, availability, security, manageability and dependability requirements.
XTPP	extreme transaction processing platform	Well-established architectures and technologies are evolving and converging with XTP-specific technologies
XTR	Efficient Compact Subgroup Trace Representation  Extreme Reality	A crypto system that is a particularly efficient and compact implementation of the classical Diffie-Hellman scheme. See http://www.ecstr.com   http://www.xtr3d.com/
XUL	eXtensible User-interface Language	pronounced “zool”, A markup language similar to HTML and based on XML. XUL used to define what the user interface will look like for a particular piece of software. XUL is used to define what buttons, scrollbars, text boxes, and other user-interface items will appear, but it is not used to define how those item will look (e.g. what color they are).
xVM	intersection (x) of virtualization and management	used by Sun Microsystems for its virtualization and management software. Also called Sun xVM, it is a Solaris-based hypervisor that enables servers to run multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single computer, addressing both desktop and server virtualization.
XVT	Extensible Virtual Toolkit	An applications development toolkit from XVT Software, Inc., which makes it possible to develop user interfaces for multiple platforms.
XWB	eXtend WorkBench	Java IDE
XWSS	Xml and WebServices Security	Provides message-level security that enables a JAX-WS or SAAJ application’s request and response actions to be secured at the level of service, port, or operation
	X-band	bandwith between 7 GHz to 8 GHz, which usually is used by military satellites.
	X.25	A type of packet switched network used extensively by PNOs for public services and popular for transaction based private networks.
	X Internet	A set of technologies that connect firms’ information systems to physical assets, products, and devices.
	X-Windows	The software system written for managing windows under Unix. A graphics architecture, application programming interface and prototype implementation developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, X-Windows defines a client/server relationship between the application program and the workstation. It is not, however, a complete graphical user interface, but rather the basis on which one can be built.
	x64	A processor architecture based on the 32-bit IA-32 (x86) architecture, with extensions for the execution of 64-bit software. AMD produced the first instances of x64-based processors, the AMD64 processors—also referred to with the term x86-64.
	xcopy	a command in Windows and other operating systems for copying groups of files. It works just like copy except that as many files as possible are read into memory before any are written to disk. This is usually faster than using copy.
	Xen	A virtualization platform which began as a research project at the University of Cambridge and was released as open source software in 2003. Xen utilizes paravirtualization to hook calls to the hardware node’s resources
	Xeon	a high-speed Pentium-class microprocessor introduced by Intel in 2002 as a successor to the Pentium 4. It features a pipelined architecture with clock speeds of 1.8 GHz and higher.
	XING	XING (named openBC/Open Business Club until 17 November 2006) is a social software platform for enabling a small-world network for professionals. http://www.xing.com/
	XP	Windows XP. Refers to the Windows XP operating system from Microsoft. www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/default.mspx – Windows XP Home Page
	Xperia	Sony Xperia is a family of Sony smartphones and tablets. The line of phones has been manufactured since 2008, while the first tablet released under the brand was launched in 2012. The name Xperia is derived from the word “experience”, and was first used in the Xperia X1 tagline, “I (Sony Ericsson) Xperia the best”.

Y – List of terms starting with the letter “Y”

Y2K	Year 2000	This term is more often used to refer to the “Millenium Bug.” This bug is a little creature that lives inside older computers. When the year 2000 rolls around, the little bug will self-destruct, blowing up the computer it was residing in. The chain of explosions across the world will be catastrophic, causing global panamonia and LA riots.
yacc	yet another compiler compiler	Yacc is the standard parser generator for the Unix operating system. An open source program, yacc generates code for the parser in the C programming language. The acronym is usually rendered in lowercase but is occasionally seen as YACC or Yacc. The original version of yacc was written by Stephen Johnson at AT&T.
YA-	Yet Another	A humorous allusion often used in titles to acknowledge that the topic is not original, though the content is.
YAHU	Yet Another Header Utility	Utilities for peeking into executables headers
YAST	Yet Another Setup Tool	an RPM-based operating system setup and configuration tool that is featured in the openSUSE Linux distribution, as well as Novell’s derived commercial distributions.
YB	Yottabyte	A yottabyte is 2 to the 80th power, or 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes. 1024 zetabytes
YES	Yahoo! Enterprise Solutions	Yahoo! Enterprise Solutions
YiB	Yobibyte	A yobibyte is a unit of data storage that equals 2 to the 80th power, or 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes. While a yottabyte can be estimated as 10^24 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes, a yobibyte is exactly 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes. This is to avoid the ambiguity associated with the size of yottabytes.
YIM	Yahoo! Instant Messenger	Yahoo! Instant Messenger
YKYBHTLW	you know you’ve been hacking too long when	In this expression, hacking means “programming,” not “attempting computer crime.”
YMMV	our mileage may vary	A warning that not everything described in a manual will work exactly the way it promised to.
YP	Yellow Pages	the original name for the NIS system before British Telecom asserted their trademark.
YPN	Yahoo Publishers Network	an advertising program run by Yahoo. Web site owners can enroll in this program to enable text and image advertisements on their sites. These ads are administered by Yahoo and generate revenue on a per-click basis.
YUB	luminance (Y) chroma (UV)	The method of color encoding for transmitting color video images while maintaining compatibility with black-and-white video. Uses less bandwidth than the three separate video signals in an RGB video transmission. known before as YCrCb
YYYY-MM-DD	Year Year Year Year – Month Month – Day Day	The ISO standard formula for writing dates, which avoids the Century Date Change (Y2K) problem.
	Yellow Book	Published by Philips and Sony, the ‘Yellow Book’ used the Red Book as its basis for the physical specifications of sectors in a CD-ROM–designed for computer data.
	youngest version	the historical version of a data set that is chronologically closest to the base version in a generation group.
	youtuber	a person who produces video content for the video sharing site Youtube.
	Yukon	Yukon is the code name used for the beta version of Microsoft’s SQL Server 2005. SQL Server 2005 is said to provide enhanced flexibility, scalability, reliability, and security to database applications, and to make them easier to create and deploy, thus reducing the complexity and tedium involved in database management.

Z – List of terms starting with the letter “Z”

ZAPP	Zero Assignment Parallel Processor	A virtual tree machine architecture in which a process tree is dynamically mapped onto a fixed, strongly connected network of processors communicating by message passing.
ZAW	Zero Administration Window	A Microsoft initiative launched in 1997 to lower the TCO associated with the Windows platform by reducing costs associated with administration. Many of components introduced under the ZAW umbrella were incorporated as regular functionality within Windows 2000.
ZB	Zettabyte	Unit of storage. Often abbreviated to ZB. 1 ZB = 2 to the seventieth power bytes = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes = 1024 exabytes . 1024 zettabytes = 1 yottabyte.
ZBR	Zero Bug Release	Point in the software development at which all features are correctly implemented and have no bugs logged against them
ZBR / ZCAV	Zoned-bit recording / Zone Constant Angular Velocity	ZBR is a method of physically optimizing the utilization of a hard drive by placing more sectors in the outer tracks than in the inner tracks. This technique is also known as zone-bit recording, zone recording, zone-density recording, or multiple-zone recording.
ZBTSI	Zero Byte Time Slot Interchange	A technique used with the T carrier Extended Superframe Format (ESF) in which an area in the ESF frame carries information about the location of all-zero bytes, eight consecutive zeros, within the data stream.
ZCS	zero code suppression	A coding method used with alternate mark inversion to prevent sending eight successive zeros. If eight successive zeros occur, the second-least significant bit is changed from a 0 to a 1. AMI with ZCS does not support clear channel operation.
ZCT	zero count table	used in deferred reference counting to record objects whose reference counts have dropped to zero but which have not been processed to see if they can be reclaimed.
ZDBop	Ziff-Davis Benchmark Operation	The division of Ziff-Davis, Inc. that develops the benchmark programs used by Ziff-Davis publications, including BatteryMark, BrowserComp, MacBench, NetBench, ServerBench, WebBench, WinBench, and Winstone.
ZDL	Zero Delay Lockout	Technology designed to prevent beaconing stations from entering into a Token Ring by locking out faulty stations.
ZDN / ZDNet	Ziff Davis Network	Largest computer publication company network: www.zdnet.com
ZDO	ZigBee Device Object	a protocol in the ZigBee protocol stack, is responsible for overall device management, and security keys and policies. The ZDO is like a special application object that is resident on all ZigBee nodes.
Zeroconf	zero configuration (IP networking)	a method of networking devices via an Ethernet cable without requiring configuration and administration.
ZFS	Zettabyte File System  zSeries File System	A distributed file system from Sun that was added to OpenSolaris in 2005 and Solaris 10 in 2006.  A distributed file system from IBM for its zSeries mainframes. In zFS, storage management is separated from file management.
ZIF	Zero Insertion Force	ZIF is a type of CPU socket on a computer motherboard that allows for the simple replacement or upgrade of the processor. Processors that use a ZIF socket can easily be removed by pulling a small release lever next to the processor and lifting it out. The replacement processor is then placed in the socket and secured by pushing the lever in the opposite direction
ZIL	Zork Implementation Language	Language used by Infocom’s Interactive Fiction adventure games. Interpreted by the zmachine, for Unix and Amiga.
zine	electronic magazine	an earlier usage in print media that derived from magazine and described “small press” or personally distributed magazines or newsletters.
ZINK	Zero INK	An inkless printing technology from ZINK Imaging, LLC., Waltham, MA www.zink.com) that was introduced in early 2007. The ZINK paper contains layers of dye crystals that turn color when activated by heat.
ZIP	Zone Information Protocol	AppleTalk session layer protocol that maps network numbers to zone names. ZIP is used by NBP to determine which networks contain nodes that belong to a zone.
ZLE	zero-latency enterprise	A strategy that aims for instantaneous awareness and appropriate responses to events across an entire virtual enterprise. As soon as new information is captured by any application, it is made available to all other interested parties. The ZLE concept is closely related to that of the RTE, a strategy to progressively remove delays in the execution of an enterprise’s critical business processes.
ZMA	Zone Multicast Address	A data-link-dependent multicast address at which a node receives the NBP broadcasts directed to its zone.
ZNA	Zero Network Administration	all registration, profiles, policy kept in 1 place
ZOPE	Z Object Publishing Environment	free, open source Web application platform used for building high-performance, dynamic Web sites. HTTP://WWW.ZOPE.ORG
ZRTP	(Zimmerman ) Real-Time Transport Protocol	a VoIP encryption extension for the RTP. The “Z” in “ZRTP” is the first letter of the surname of Phil Zimmermann, an engineer best known for inventing PGP. ZRTP is a part of a SDK for an encryption program Zimmerman created called Zfone.
ZTE	Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipment	a Chinese corporation that designs and manufactures telecommunications equipment and systems http://www.zte.com.cn
ZTLP	Zero Transmission Level Point	In telephony, a reference point for measuring the signal power gain and losses of telecommunications circuit at which a zero dBm signal level is applied and used for system design and testing.
zsh	Z shell	A UNIX command interpreter.
ZV port / ZVP	Zoomed Video port	ZV port is a technology that supports the delivery of full-screen motion video and multimedia to notebook computers. The ZV port allows special software and a version of the PC Card called a ZV Port Card to provide a separate dedicated, point-to-point bus or path from continuously arriving video signals directly to the display controller. ZV ports are provided in IBM, Toshiba, and other manufacturers’ notebook computers.
	zapping	Considered to be the lowest form of software programming known to mankind, it involves altering the assembly code in hex format after it has been output from a complier or assembler. Typically done when there is a compiler bug, the proper data is not being generated, or the original source code was lost.
	zero day	a software vulnerability that has been exploited by malicious hackers on or before the day the software creators become aware of the problem
	Zero Wait State	Refers to a system that allows the processor to work at full clock speed regardless of the clock speed of RAM.
	ZigBee (alliance / modules)	A vendor initiative started by Philips Semiconductor, Honeywell and Invensys Metering Systems and now including more than 20 companies. It is responsible for developing applications for technology based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard  modules are essentially transceiver modules that add wireless networking capabilities to electronic devices. They are used in remote monitoring machine-to-machine communications, automation systems in home and offices, fridges, wireless sensor networks along with other applications.
	-zilla	an English slang suffix, a back-formation derived from the English name of the Japanese movie monster Godzilla. It is popular for the names of software and websites. This trend has been observed since the popularization of the Mozilla Project
	zine	Small, often free magazine, usually produced by hobbyists and amateur journalists.
	zip (file)	An open standard for compression and decompression used widely for PC download archives.  Windows users will see this term a lot when looking for files on the Internet. A zip file (.zip) is a “zipped” or compressed file. “Zipping” a file involves compressing one or more items into a smaller archive. www.winzip.com
	zip drive	a large capacity floppy disc drive developed by IOMEGA Corporation. Used for backing up important data.
	zombie	a computer that a remote attacker has accessed and set up to forward transmissions (including spam and viruses) to other computers on the Internet. also known as a zombie army  an abandoned, unkept or sadly out-of-date Web site.  A user that surfs the web hours on end and never seems to sleep or tire.
	zone	A logical group of network devices.
	zSeries	IBM’s 64-bit mainframe product line, which includes its z800, z900 and z990 mainframe servers. The zSeries products are a re-branding of, and major upgrade to, IBM’s S/390-class mainframe computers.
	zune	The Zune is a portable digital media player from Microsoft . The first version, released in November of 2006, is about the size of a deck of playing cards and weighs 5.6 ounces.